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Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis

Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis

Mass spectrometry is an important technique for the identification of pure compounds. However, it has some limitations for the analysis of complex mixtures, often due to excessive fragmentation making the spectrum too complicated to decipher. Mass spectrometry can be combined with suitable separation methods in sequence, forming hyphenated methods, which are useful in the analysis of complex mixtures.
GC–MS is a powerful hyphenated method commonly used in forensics and environmental...

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview

Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers. Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used....

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Atomization Methods

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Atomization Methods

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) atomizes samples through flame atomization or electrothermal atomization. Flame atomization typically involves a nebulizer and spray chamber assembly to combine the sample with a fuel–oxidant mixture, creating a fine aerosol mist that enters a burner. Typically, the fuel and oxidant are combined in an approximately stoichiometric ratio. However, for atoms that are easily oxidized, a fuel-rich mixture may be more advantageous. Only about 5% of the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 19, 2026

Composition and Distribution Analysis of Bioaerosols Under Different Environmental Conditions

Composition and Distribution Analysis of Bioaerosols Under Different Environmental Conditions

Published on: January 7, 2019

Progress in the Analysis of Complex Atmospheric Particles.

Alexander Laskin¹, Mary K Gilles², Daniel A Knopf³

¹Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354;

Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry (Palo Alto, Calif.)

|June 17, 2016

Summary

Researchers are improving the understanding of atmospheric particles and their environmental effects through advanced studies of air-surface interactions. New analytical methods reveal complex particle composition and chemical changes during aging, aiding predictive models.

Keywords:

aerosol atmospheric aging chemical imaging environmental interfaces molecular-level multiphase chemistry

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Last Updated: Mar 19, 2026

Composition and Distribution Analysis of Bioaerosols Under Different Environmental Conditions

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Published on: January 7, 2019

Extraction and Characterization of Surfactants from Atmospheric Aerosols

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A Practical Guide on Coupling a Scanning Mobility Sizer and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer SMPS-ICPMS

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Published on: July 11, 2017

Area of Science:

Environmental Science
Atmospheric Chemistry
Analytical Chemistry

Background:

Atmospheric particles significantly influence environmental air-surface interactions.
Particle complexity arises from diverse chemical constituents and lateral heterogeneity.
Atmospheric aging processes further transform particle composition and properties.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide an overview of recent advances in studying atmospheric particles during air-surface interactions.
To enhance predictive understanding of particle composition, aging chemistry, and environmental impacts.
To explore the environmental effects of air-surface interactions.

Main Methods:

Field and laboratory studies of atmospheric particles.
Application of modern analytical approaches for multimodal chemical characterization.
Analysis of molecular and lateral specificity in particle composition.

Main Results:

Modern analytical techniques offer comprehensive tools for characterizing particle nature at air-surface interfaces.
These methods enable detailed understanding of particle reactivity and transformations during aging.
Recent studies demonstrate the utility of these novel approaches.

Conclusions:

Advanced analytical methods are crucial for understanding complex atmospheric particles.
Further research is needed to fully explore the environmental effects of air-surface interactions.
Improved predictive models are essential for assessing particle impacts.