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The Basal Ganglia in Action.

Henry H Yin1

  • 11 Department of Psychology and Neuroscience and Department of Neurobiology, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, NC, USA.

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|June 17, 2016
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Summary

The basal ganglia (BG) control behavior by managing transitions between states. This framework explains BG disorders by changes in cortico-BG network parameters, offering a new view of their function beyond just movement.

Keywords:
action selectionbasal gangliacontrol theorydopaminemotor controlmovementnegative feedbackstriatumsubstantia nigra

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Systems Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • The basal ganglia (BG) are crucial subcortical brain structures implicated in various neurological disorders.
  • Current understanding of BG function, particularly in movement control, is being challenged by recent research.
  • The commonalities and circuit-level explanations for diverse BG disorder symptoms remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on basal ganglia (BG) function beyond traditional movement control roles.
  • To introduce a new conceptual framework for understanding BG's role in general behavior.
  • To explain neurological symptoms of BG pathology through alterations in BG circuit computations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on basal ganglia function and disorders.
  • Introduction of a novel theoretical framework: the transition control model.
  • Application of the model to explain the posture/movement problem and neurological symptoms.

Main Results:

  • Recent findings challenge traditional views of the basal ganglia's role in movement.
  • A transition control model is proposed, viewing cortico-BG networks as hierarchical negative feedback systems.
  • The model explains BG disorder symptoms by changes in system parameters like gain and damping.

Conclusions:

  • The basal ganglia (BG) play a fundamental role in transition control within a hierarchical feedback system.
  • The transition control model offers a unified explanation for BG functions and associated neurological symptoms.
  • This framework advances our understanding of basal ganglia computations in behavior and disease.