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Related Concept Videos

Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment01:20

Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment

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Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
These antibodies interfere with the function of the nicotinic receptors in three ways: by binding to the receptor and disrupting acetylcholine binding; by causing cross-linking of receptors which...
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Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests01:15

Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests

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Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune condition affecting neuromuscular transmission, causing generalized weakness in skeletal muscles. Initial diagnoses rely on patients' signs, symptoms, and medical history. The challenge lies in distinguishing myasthenia from other muscular dystrophies. An important diagnostic feature is the significant improvement of symptoms after administering anticholinesterase inhibitors.
The edrophonium test is a diagnostic tool for myasthenia gravis. It involves...
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Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

8.8K
Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

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Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
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Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 19, 2026

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
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Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

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Hashimoto's encephalopathy.

Joana Ramalho, Mauricio Castillo

    Radiology Case Reports
    |June 17, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Hashimoto's encephalopathy can present with unusual MRI findings in the brain. While steroid treatment improves symptoms and imaging, some neurological deficits may remain.

    Keywords:
    HE, Hashimoto's encephalopathyMRI, magnetic resonance imaging

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    Preparation of Mouse Pituitary Immunogen for the Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis
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    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Mar 19, 2026

    Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
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    Hippocampal Neuronal Cultures to Detect and Study New Pathogenic Antibodies Involved in Autoimmune Encephalitis
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    Preparation of Mouse Pituitary Immunogen for the Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis
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    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Neuroimaging
    • Endocrinology

    Background:

    • Hashimoto's encephalopathy is an autoimmune condition associated with thyroid disease.
    • It can present with diverse neurological symptoms and variable neuroimaging findings.

    Observation:

    • A case of Hashimoto's encephalopathy with atypical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings is presented.
    • T2-weighted MRI revealed bilateral, symmetric hyperintensities in the mesial temporal lobes and basal ganglia.

    Findings:

    • Steroid therapy led to clinical improvement and partial resolution of MRI abnormalities.
    • Persistent memory deficits and residual MRI abnormalities were noted despite treatment.

    Implications:

    • This case highlights the potential for atypical and partially reversible MRI changes in Hashimoto's encephalopathy.
    • It underscores the importance of considering autoimmune thyroid disease in patients with unexplained neurological and neuroimaging findings.
    • Long-term monitoring may be necessary due to potential persistent deficits.