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Related Concept Videos

Kidney Structure01:45

Kidney Structure

76.3K
The kidneys are two large bean-shaped organs located in the upper abdomen. They filter the blood several times a day to remove toxins and rebalance water and electrolytes of the circulatory system via the renal veins. The kidneys receive blood directly from the heart via the renal arteries. These arteries enter the kidney at the hilum, the concave surface of the bean, where they branch and divide into smaller vessels and capillaries.
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External Anatomy of the Kidney01:21

External Anatomy of the Kidney

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The kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped organs in the human body that play a critical role in maintaining overall health. They filter out waste products from the blood, regulate blood pressure, maintain electrolyte balance, and stimulate the production of red blood cells.
The kidneys are located in the retroperitoneal space on either side of the vertebral column, protected posteriorly by the 11th and 12th ribs. The right kidney sits slightly lower than the left owing to the presence of the liver...
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Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure01:26

Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure

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Preoperative ManagementThe primary goals of preoperative management in kidney transplantation are to optimize the patient’s metabolic state and prepare them for surgery through diet adjustments, necessary dialysis, and tailored medical treatment. This phase also involves comprehensive infection screening and patient education about the surgical procedure and postoperative care to improve outcomes and adherence.Medical ManagementA comprehensive evaluation is required for both the living...
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Renal Corpuscle01:20

Renal Corpuscle

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The glomerulus and Bowman's capsule are two essential components of the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney. These microscopic structures play a critical role in the process of blood filtration to produce urine.
Glomerulus: Structure and Function
The glomerulus is a tiny, intricate network of capillaries located at the beginning of the nephron. It's enveloped by the Bowman's capsule and receives its blood supply from an afferent arteriole, which divides into numerous...
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Nephrons01:10

Nephrons

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The kidneys are intricate organs with millions of working units known as nephrons. Each nephron features two major structures: the renal corpuscle, which facilitates blood plasma filtration, and the renal tubule, which handles the glomerular filtrate. Blood supply is directly linked to the nephrons. The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus, a capillary network, and the Bowman's capsule, a double-walled epithelial structure that encases the glomerulus. The filtering of blood plasma...
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Anatomy of the Genitourinary System I: Kidneys and Ureters01:11

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System I: Kidneys and Ureters

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The upper urinary system comprises two kidneys and two ureters, which are crucial in filtering blood and forming urine.KidneysLocation and Structure:The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs positioned behind the peritoneum on either side of the spine.Kidneys are between the 12th thoracic (T12) and the 3rd lumbar (L3) vertebrae.The position of the liver causes the right kidney to sit slightly lower than the left.Protective Layers:Each kidney is enveloped in a tough, fibrous membrane called the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 19, 2026

Author Spotlight: Developing a Bedside Protocol for Kidney and Genitourinary Ultrasonography
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Fused supernumerary kidney.

Jaishilpa Suresh, Navin Gnanasekaran, Bhawna Dev

    Radiology Case Reports
    |June 17, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    A rare congenital anomaly, a partially fused supernumerary kidney with bifid ureters, was identified in a 35-year-old female. This case also presented unique vascular variations, including multiple renal arteries and veins.

    Area of Science:

    • Urology
    • Radiology
    • Medical Imaging

    Background:

    • Supernumerary kidney is a rare congenital anomaly, with fewer than 100 cases reported globally.
    • Fused supernumerary kidneys represent an even rarer variant of this congenital condition.

    Observation:

    • A 35-year-old female presented with a partially fused supernumerary kidney and bifid ureters.
    • Diagnostic imaging, including ultrasound and triple-phased computed tomography (CT), confirmed the anomaly.
    • CT revealed unique vascular findings: two separate left renal arteries and multiple left renal veins forming a common trunk to the inferior vena cava.

    Findings:

    • The primary finding is a partially fused supernumerary kidney, a condition of extreme rarity.
    • Associated anomalies included bifid ureters and complex vascular variations of the left kidney.
    Keywords:
    CT, computed tomographyMRI, magnetic resonance imaging

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  • The detailed imaging elucidated the anatomical specifics of this rare congenital malformation.

    • Implications:

    • This case highlights the importance of advanced imaging techniques in diagnosing rare congenital anomalies.
    • Understanding these rare anatomical variations is crucial for surgical planning and patient management.
    • Further documentation of such cases contributes to the limited existing literature on supernumerary kidneys.