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Traumatic brain injury: Does gender influence outcomes?

Ashok Munivenkatappa1, Amit Agrawal2, Dhaval P Shukla3

  • 1National Institute of Epidemiology (ICMR), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

International Journal of Critical Illness and Injury Science
|June 17, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Female traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients show higher injury severity and mortality rates compared to males. This epidemiological study highlights key differences in TBI outcomes between genders.

Keywords:
Epidemiologyfemale gendertraumatic brain injury

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant public health concern affecting both genders.
  • Limited research exists specifically on the epidemiological and clinical aspects of female TBI.
  • Understanding sex-based differences in TBI is crucial for targeted interventions and improved outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To exclusively investigate the epidemiological, clinical, imaging, and mortality characteristics of female TBI.
  • To compare the TBI experience in females with that of males.
  • To identify potential sex-specific patterns in TBI incidence, severity, and outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study design utilizing data from a tertiary care institute (January 2010 - March 2010).
  • Data collected on a standard proforma, including patient demographics, injury mechanisms, and clinical presentation.
  • Statistical analysis performed using R software, with Chi-square test for significance (P < 0.05) and age categorization (pediatric, middle, elderly).

Main Results:

  • Female TBI patients constituted approximately 20% of the 1627 recorded cases.
  • Females exhibited higher rates of symptoms, fall-related injuries, and surgical interventions compared to males.
  • Significantly higher prevalence of mild head injury and mortality rates were observed in females (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:

  • Female TBI patients demonstrate significant differences in injury severity and mortality compared to male patients.
  • Age-specific analysis revealed higher patient numbers and deaths among females in pediatric and elderly groups.
  • Injury severity was greater in middle-aged and elderly females compared to their male counterparts.