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Related Concept Videos

Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

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In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded...
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Homologous Recombination02:31

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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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Fixing Double-strand Breaks02:04

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The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
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Rap1-mediated steric hindrance protects telomeres from MRX sensing.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 19, 2026

Author Spotlight: Decoding DNA Repair by Extrachromosomal NHEJ Assay and HR Assays
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Author Spotlight: Decoding DNA Repair by Extrachromosomal NHEJ Assay and HR Assays

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How do telomeres and NHEJ coexist?

Stéphane Marcand1

  • 1CEA; DSV/IRCM/SIGRR/LTR; Fontenay-aux-roses; France; INSERM UMR 967; Fontenay-aux-roses; France.

Molecular & Cellular Oncology
|June 17, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Telomeres, the protective caps on eukaryotic chromosomes, must be shielded from DNA repair pathways like nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ). This prevents harmful chromosome fusions and maintains genomic stability.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular biology
  • Genetics
  • Cell biology

Background:

  • Telomeres are stable DNA structures at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes.
  • Nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) is a DNA repair pathway that ligates broken DNA ends.
  • Uncontrolled NHEJ at telomeres can lead to chromosome instability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explain the necessity of preventing NHEJ at telomeres.
  • To highlight the mechanisms that inhibit NHEJ at chromosome ends.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on telomere biology and DNA repair.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms governing telomere protection.
  • Synthesis of data on synergistic roles of telomere factors.

Main Results:

Keywords:
KULig4Mre11NHEJRap1TRF2dicentrictelomere

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  • Telomere end-joining by NHEJ can result in circular or dicentric chromosomes.
  • Multiple telomere-associated factors work together to inhibit NHEJ.
  • These inhibitory mechanisms are crucial for maintaining genomic integrity.

Conclusions:

  • Preventing NHEJ at telomeres is essential for eukaryotic genome stability.
  • A coordinated action of telomere-binding proteins ensures telomere function.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is key to comprehending chromosome maintenance.