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RNA Structure

RNA Structure

RNA Structure

RNA Structure

Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...

RNA Structure

RNA Structure

The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA) involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three...

RNA Interference

RNA Interference

RNA Interference

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 19, 2026

Identification of Circular RNAs using RNA Sequencing

Identification of Circular RNAs using RNA Sequencing

Published on: November 14, 2019

Circular RNA expands its territory.

Chunyang Bao¹, Dongbin Lyu¹, Shenglin Huang¹

¹Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

Molecular & Cellular Oncology

|June 17, 2016

Summary

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are stable molecules found in exosomes. These exosomal circRNAs show potential for early cancer detection.

Keywords:

Cancer biomaker circular RNA exosomes microRNA non-coding RNA

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Last Updated: Mar 19, 2026

Identification of Circular RNAs using RNA Sequencing

Identification of Circular RNAs using RNA Sequencing

Published on: November 14, 2019

Use of Alu Element Containing Minigenes to Analyze Circular RNAs

Use of Alu Element Containing Minigenes to Analyze Circular RNAs

Published on: March 10, 2020

Large-scale Production of Recombinant RNAs on a Circular Scaffold Using a Viroid-derived System in Escherichia coli

Large-scale Production of Recombinant RNAs on a Circular Scaffold Using a Viroid-derived System in Escherichia coli

Published on: November 30, 2018

Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Molecular Biology
Genetics

Background:

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel class of widespread non-coding RNAs in eukaryotes.
circRNAs are stable RNA molecules with cell type-specific expression patterns, predominantly found in the cytoplasm.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the presence and potential application of circRNAs in exosomes.
To explore exosomal circRNAs as biomarkers for cancer detection.

Main Methods:

Analysis of circRNA expression in exosomes.
Evaluation of exosomal circRNAs for diagnostic potential.

Main Results:

Abundant circRNAs were found to exist in exosomes.
Exosomal circRNAs demonstrate potential as biomarkers for cancer detection.

Conclusions:

Exosomes contain abundant circRNAs.
Exosomal circRNAs offer a promising avenue for non-invasive cancer detection.