Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Feedback Inhibition

Feedback Inhibition

Biochemical reactions are occurring constantly in cells, converting starting substances to different products, usually with the help of enzymes that speed the reactions. Without enzymes, it would take far too long for most reactions to occur to be useful to the cell!

Feedback Loops

Feedback Loops

In most cases, excessive hormone production is prevented by negative feedback—a loop that starts with a stimulus inducing the release of a particular substance, like a hormone, to maintain a certain level before triggering a signal that results in a decrease in further release of the hormone.

Internal Receptors

Internal Receptors

Many cellular signals are hydrophilic and therefore cannot pass through the plasma membrane. However, small or hydrophobic signaling molecules can cross the hydrophobic core of the plasma membrane and bind to internal, or intracellular, receptors that reside within the cell. Many mammalian steroid hormones use this mechanism of cell signaling, as does nitric oxide (NO) gas.

Cross-reactivity

Cross-reactivity

Proofreading

Proofreading

What are Second Messengers?

What are Second Messengers?

Because many receptor binding ligands are hydrophilic, they do not cross the cell membrane and thus their message must be relayed to a second messenger on the inside. There are several second messenger pathways, each with their own way of relaying information. G-protein coupled receptors can activate both phosphoinositol and cyclic AMP (cAMP) second messenger pathways. The phosphoinositol path is active when the receptor induces phospholipase C to hydrolyze the phospholipid,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Comparison of Sevoflurane and Desflurane on Hepatocellular Carcinoma Recurrence After Living Donor Liver Transplantation: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis.

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)·2026

Same author

Impact of Donor Volatile Anesthetic Choice on Recipient Post-Reperfusion Syndrome and Clinical Outcomes in Living Donor Liver Transplantation.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026

Same author

Effect of Intraoperative Dexmedetomidine Use on Postoperative Liver Function and Graft Outcomes in Laparoscopic Living Donor Hepatectomy: A Propensity Score-Matched Study.

Journal of clinical medicine·2026

Same author

Exploratory clinical trial on the acoustic variability index for predicting fluid responsiveness during hepatectomy.

Journal of clinical monitoring and computing·2026

Same author

Cardiac Biomarkers and Risk Stratification in Liver Transplantation for Acute-on-chronic Liver Failure: Refining Current Risk Models for Improved Prediction of Posttransplant Mortality.

Anesthesiology·2025

Same author

Impact of neohepatic albumin-bilirubin scores on renal outcomes following living donor liver transplantation: a propensity score analysis.

Annals of hepatology·2025

Same journal

The authors reply.

Critical care medicine·2026

Same journal

Attracting Emergency Medicine Graduates to Surgical Critical Care Training Programs.

Critical care medicine·2026

Same journal

The authors reply.

Critical care medicine·2026

Same journal

Beyond a Snapshot: Tracking Family Prognostic Expectations in the ICU.

Critical care medicine·2026

Same journal

The authors reply.

Critical care medicine·2026

Same journal

Plasma Levels of Soluble ST2 Reflect Extrapulmonary Organ Dysfunction and Predict Outcomes in Acute Respiratory Failure: Beware of Potential Confounders.

Critical care medicine·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 19, 2026

Studying Aggression in Drosophila fruit flies

Studying Aggression in Drosophila fruit flies

Published on: February 25, 2007

The authors reply

Bo-Hyun Sang¹, JungBok Lee, Jun-Gol Song

¹Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University of Korea College of Medicine, International St. Mary's Hospital, Gangwon-do, South Korea; Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul, Korea, Republic of; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Laboratory for Cardiovascular Dynamics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Critical Care Medicine

|June 17, 2016

Summary

No abstract available in PubMed .

More Related Videos

Choice and No-Choice Assays for Testing the Resistance of A. thaliana to Chewing Insects

Choice and No-Choice Assays for Testing the Resistance of A. thaliana to Chewing Insects

Published on: May 14, 2008

Molecular Evolution of the Tre Recombinase

Molecular Evolution of the Tre Recombinase

Published on: May 29, 2008

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 19, 2026

Studying Aggression in Drosophila fruit flies

Studying Aggression in Drosophila fruit flies

Published on: February 25, 2007

Choice and No-Choice Assays for Testing the Resistance of A. thaliana to Chewing Insects

Choice and No-Choice Assays for Testing the Resistance of A. thaliana to Chewing Insects

Published on: May 14, 2008

Molecular Evolution of the Tre Recombinase

Molecular Evolution of the Tre Recombinase

Published on: May 29, 2008