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New frontiers in time-domain diffuse optics, a review.

Antonio Pifferi1, Davide Contini2, Alberto Dalla Mora2

  • 1Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milan I-20133, ItalybIstituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale per le Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milan I-20133, Italy.

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Summary

Recent advances in time-domain diffuse optics enable compact, wearable diagnostic devices and powerful systems for deep tissue imaging. These developments utilize advanced photonic components for enhanced point-of-care diagnostics and sensitive, high-penetration imaging applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Optics
  • Photonics
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Time-domain diffuse optics leverages physical concepts like time-gating.
  • Advanced photonic components are crucial for enhanced optical measurements.
  • Current technologies are being refined for broader applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent developments in time-domain diffuse optics.
  • To explore the potential of these advancements for diagnostics and imaging.
  • To highlight the role of specific photonic components.

Main Methods:

  • Focus on physical concepts such as time-gating and null distance.
  • Integration of advanced photonic components: vertical cavity source-emitting lasers (VCSELs), single photon avalanche diodes (SPADs), silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs).
  • Utilizing fast-gating circuits and time-to-digital converters (TDCs) for data acquisition.

Main Results:

  • Development of compact and wearable time-domain devices for point-of-care diagnostics.
  • Potential for consumer-level health monitoring devices.
  • Creation of powerful systems with exceptional depth penetration and sensitivity.

Conclusions:

  • Time-domain diffuse optics advancements offer dual potential for accessible diagnostics and advanced imaging.
  • The integration of specific photonic components is key to achieving these capabilities.
  • Future applications range from consumer wearables to high-performance medical imaging systems.