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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Aquatic Toxicology
  • Urban Hydrology

Background:

  • Urban runoff and activities like tunnel washing release particulate matter-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) into surface waters.
  • Limited knowledge exists on the accessibility and release potential of PAHs from urban particulate matter (PM).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the accessibility of PAHs associated with various urban particulate matter (PM) sources.
  • To understand the desorption kinetics of PAHs from PM, particularly from tunnel-wash water.
  • To assess the influence of detergents on PAH extractability and potential toxicity.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized laboratory-based infinite sink extractions using silicone rubber (SR) as the extractor phase.
  • Analyzed seven distinct urban particulate matter samples for PAH accessibility.
  • Investigated first-order desorption rates for PAHs with varying hydrophobicity (log Kow) and the effect of detergents.

Main Results:

  • PAH accessibility varied significantly with hydrophobicity, with less hydrophobic PAHs showing higher fractions (40-80%) compared to highly hydrophobic ones (<5%).
  • PAHs in tunnel-wash water PM desorbed at rates comparable to sediment-bound contaminants, with hydrophobicity influencing desorption speed.
  • Detergents did not affect lighter PAH extractability but increased desorption rates for heavier PAHs.

Conclusions:

  • Accessible PAH concentrations in urban PM are critical for assessing aquatic environment contamination.
  • Understanding PAH desorption dynamics, especially from sources like tunnel washing, is vital for effective environmental management.
  • Further research should include other contaminants like oxygenated PAHs (OPAHs) found in urban PM.