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Related Concept Videos

Somatosensation01:33

Somatosensation

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The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
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Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:23

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The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at...
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Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
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Related Experiment Video

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Controlled Cortical Impact Model for Traumatic Brain Injury
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Traumatic Brain Injury and Neuronal Functionality Changes in Sensory Cortex.

Simone F Carron1, Dasuni S Alwis1, Ramesh Rajan2

  • 1Neuroscience Research Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Physiology, Monash University Monash, VIC, Australia.

Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience
|June 18, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes lasting deficits by altering sensory processing in the cortex. This study reveals persistent neuronal hyperexcitation in TBI, suggesting new monitoring and treatment strategies.

Keywords:
TBIbrain injuryinhibitionneuronal encodingprognosissensory cortex

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurotrauma
  • Sensory Processing

Background:

  • Traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to significant long-term cognitive and motor deficits, particularly in young individuals.
  • While molecular and anatomical changes post-TBI are known, their impact on cortical neuronal function and sensory processing remains less understood.
  • Altered sensory processing is hypothesized as a key contributor to TBI-induced functional impairments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the hypothesis that altered sensory processing contributes to TBI-related deficits.
  • To establish a model system for studying TBI-induced changes in neuronal function.
  • To examine neuronal encoding of tactile sensory input in the rat barrel cortex following TBI.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a rat model to study the barrel cortex's response to whisker motion, simulating naturalistic exploratory behaviors.
  • Modeled common forms of TBI to observe short-term and long-term effects on neuronal encoding.
  • Investigated changes in cortical inhibition and the roles of specific inhibitory neuron types.

Main Results:

  • Traumatic brain injury (TBI) induces persistent neuronal hyperexcitation in the upper cortical layers, likely due to impaired inhibition.
  • Specific alterations in cortical inhibitory circuits were identified as the cause of altered neuronal encoding post-TBI.
  • Findings were generalized to compare inhibitory effects in other brain injuries.

Conclusions:

  • Persistent neuronal hyperexcitation in the cortex following TBI significantly impacts sensory processing.
  • Understanding these specific neuronal changes can guide the development of tailored treatments for TBI patients.
  • Non-invasive electrophysiological techniques hold promise for monitoring TBI's temporal evolution and informing personalized therapeutic strategies.