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Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

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Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

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Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
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A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
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Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

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Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 19, 2026

Merging Ion Concentration Polarization between Juxtaposed Ion Exchange Membranes to Block the Propagation of the Polarization Zone
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Optimized Multi-Ion Cavity Coupling.

Stephen Begley1, Markus Vogt1, Gurpreet Kaur Gulati1

  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH, United Kingdom.

Physical Review Letters
|June 18, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Researchers demonstrated precise control over multiple trapped ions

Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED)
  • Quantum optics

Background:

  • Cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED) systems are advancing, enabling the use of multiple quantum emitters within a single optical cavity.
  • Controlling the quantum mechanical coupling between individual emitters and the cavity mode is essential for these systems.
  • Trapped ion technology offers precise motional control, making it a promising approach for CQED.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally demonstrate and characterize the coupling of multiple trapped ions to an optical cavity.
  • To investigate the influence of ion configuration on cavity coupling.
  • To explore the potential of trapped ions in CQED systems with multiple emitters.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a high-finesse optical cavity to confine trapped ions.

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  • Experimentally coupling up to five trapped ions arranged in a string to the cavity mode.
  • Deterministically manipulating the axial position and spacing of ions.
  • Characterizing cavity coupling through visibility measurements of cavity emission.

    • Main Results:

    • Successful demonstration of coupling multiple (up to five) trapped ions to an optical cavity.
    • Systematic characterization of coupling strength based on ion geometry.
    • Experimental results align well with theoretical predictions.
    • Demonstrated that ion configuration can be optimized for enhanced cavity coupling.

    Conclusions:

    • The geometrical configuration of multiple trapped ions can be precisely controlled to achieve optimal cavity coupling.
    • This work establishes a new platform for exploring CQED with multiple quantum emitters.
    • The system leverages highly controllable collective light-matter interactions for advanced quantum applications.