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Direct current stimulation induces mGluR5-dependent neocortical plasticity.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurophysiology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Cortical excitability changes are crucial in neurological disorders.
  • Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique.
  • Understanding tDCS mechanisms is key for therapeutic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying cortical excitability changes induced by cathodal tDCS.
  • To investigate the role of specific receptors and signaling pathways in tDCS-induced plasticity.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized neocortical slices and in vivo mouse models.
  • Applied direct current stimulation (DCS) and tDCS with varying parameters.
  • Measured synaptic plasticity via field excitatory postsynaptic potentials.
  • Assessed molecular changes using immunoblotting and receptor blockers/modulators.

Main Results:

  • Cathodal DCS induced long-term depression (DCS-LTD) of excitatory synaptic strength.
  • DCS-LTD was dependent on mGluR5, mTOR, and protein synthesis.
  • DCS-LTD was independent of GABA-A and NMDA receptors.
  • mGluR5 allosteric facilitation enhanced DCS-induced synaptic depression.

Conclusions:

  • Identified a novel molecular pathway involving mGluR5-mTOR signaling in tDCS-induced cortical plasticity.
  • Demonstrated potential for synergistic effects between tDCS and mGluR5-targeting drugs.
  • Suggests cathodal tDCS as a potential therapeutic strategy for neurological conditions with aberrant cortical excitability.