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Related Concept Videos

Electric Field of a Charged Disk01:23

Electric Field of a Charged Disk

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The simplest case of a surface charge distribution is the uniformly charged disk. Calculating its electric field also helps us calculate the electric field of a large plane of charge.
The system's symmetry is in the cylindrical directions across the plane of the charge. As a result, the electric fields created by various surface charge elements nullify each other in the direction parallel to the surface. Thereby, the resulting electric field is perpendicular to the plane. Since the disk is...
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Electric Charges01:11

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From lightning during thunderstorms to electronic devices, the phenomenon of electromagnetism is all around us. The electromagnetic force is one of the four fundamental forces of nature. It has been known to humanity in various forms for thousands of years. For example, the ancient Greek philosopher Thales of Miletus recorded his experiments on static electricity using amber and fur in the sixth century BC.
The English physicist William Gilbert studied the phenomenon of static electricity in...
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Electric Potential Energy of Two Point Charges01:12

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The electric potential energy of a test charge in a uniform eclectic field can be generalized to any electric field produced by static charge distribution. Consider a positive test charge in an electric field produced by another static positive charge. If the test charge is moved away from the static charge, then the electric field does the positive work on the test charge, and the electric potential energy of the test charge decreases as it moves away from the static charge. Here the electric...
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Electric Field of Two Equal and Opposite Charges01:30

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Atoms generally contain the same number of positively and negatively charged particles, protons, and electrons. Hence, they are electrically neutral. However, the centers of the positive and negative charges do not always coincide. In such a scenario, the electric field of an atom may not be zero.
A separation of the positive and negative charges can lead to a weak, remnant effect of the positive and negative charges. The expectation is that the more the distance between the positive and...
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Charge on a Conductor01:26

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An interesting property of a conductor in static equilibrium is that extra charges on the conductor end up on its outer surface, regardless of where they originate. Consider a hollow metallic conductor with a uniform surface charge density. Since the conductor itself is in electrostatic equilibrium, there should not be any electric field inside the conductor. Now, assume a Gaussian surface enclosing the hollow portion. Applying Gauss's law, the inner surface of the hollow conductor will not...
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Energy Associated With a Charge Distribution01:21

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The work done to bring a charge through a distance r is given by the potential difference between the initial and the final position. To assemble a collection of point charges, the total work done can be expressed in terms of the product of each pair of charges divided by their separation distance, defined with respect to a suitable origin. Solving this expression gives the energy stored in a point charge distribution.
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Updated: Mar 19, 2026

AC Electrokinetic Phenomena Generated by Microelectrode Structures
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A highly charged debate.

Jon Glasby1

  • 1University of Birmingham.

Nursing Older People
|June 19, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gordon Brown's 2002 budget promises significant funding increases for the National Health Service (NHS) and social care. However, this financial boost, funded by national insurance, may have hidden drawbacks.

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Last Updated: Mar 19, 2026

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Merging Ion Concentration Polarization between Juxtaposed Ion Exchange Membranes to Block the Propagation of the Polarization Zone
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Area of Science:

  • Health economics
  • Public finance
  • Healthcare policy

Background:

  • The UK's National Health Service (NHS) and social care systems face ongoing financial pressures.
  • Previous government budgets have been scrutinized for their long-term financial sustainability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the financial implications of Gordon Brown's 2002 budget announcement for the NHS and social care.
  • To assess the sustainability of the proposed funding increases.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the 2002 UK budget statement.
  • Examination of proposed funding mechanisms, including national insurance contributions.
  • Review of projected real-terms increases for NHS and social care budgets.

Main Results:

  • The 2002 budget proposed the largest sustained increase in NHS resources.
  • Annual real-terms increases of 7.4% for the NHS over five years and 6% for social care over three years were announced.
  • Funding was to be derived from an increase in national insurance contributions.

Conclusions:

  • The 2002 budget offered substantial financial injections into the NHS and social care.
  • The long-term financial sustainability and potential 'sting in the tail' of these increases warrant further investigation.