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Eukaryote-specific rRNA expansion segments function in ribosome biogenesis.

Madhumitha Ramesh1, John L Woolford1

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232, USA.

RNA (New York, N.Y.)
|June 19, 2016
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Summary

Eukaryotic expansion segments (ES) in ribosomal RNA (rRNA) are crucial for ribosome biogenesis and optimal growth. This study systematically identified their essential roles in yeast, revealing functions in specific ribosome assembly steps.

Keywords:
eukaryoteexpansion segmentsprotein–RNArRNAribosomeribosome assembly

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) secondary structure is conserved, but eukaryotes possess unique expansion segments (ES).
  • The functions of these eukaryote-specific ES in ribosome biogenesis are not well understood.
  • Studying rRNA mutants is challenging, limiting research on ES roles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically investigate the functions of expansion segments (ES) in 25S rRNA of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
  • To determine the necessity of individual ES for yeast growth and 25S rRNA production.
  • To classify ES based on their involvement in specific ribosome biogenesis stages.

Main Methods:

  • Deletion mutagenesis of 14 eukaryote-specific ES in yeast 25S rRNA.
  • Phenotypic analysis of individual ES deletions, including growth assays.
  • Assessing pre-rRNA processing phenotypes to determine roles in ribosome biogenesis steps.

Main Results:

  • All but two of the tested ES are essential for optimal yeast growth.
  • Most ES are required for the production of 25S rRNA, indicating roles in ribosome biogenesis.
  • Expansion segments were categorized into groups involved in early, middle, and late ribosome biogenesis stages.

Conclusions:

  • Eukaryote-specific expansion segments play critical, essential roles in ribosome biogenesis.
  • ES are involved in specific, distinct steps of ribosome assembly, from nucleolar to nucleoplasmic stages.
  • Ribosome assembly involves coordinated functions of RNA and protein clusters in specific biogenesis steps.