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Related Concept Videos

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder01:28

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

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Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition characterized by recurrent obsessions, compulsions, or both, which consume significant time and interfere with daily functioning. Obsessions involve persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts, images, or urges that evoke anxiety. Common examples include irrational fears of contamination or harm. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce the anxiety caused by obsessions. For instance, individuals...
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Depressive Disorders: Etiology01:27

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Depressive disorders result from a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors, each contributing uniquely to the development and persistence of the condition. Understanding these factors provides critical insight into the multifaceted nature of depression.
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Personality Disorders: Dependent and Obsessive-Compulsive01:24

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Dependent personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder are two separate psychological conditions that influence behavior, relationships, and overall life functioning. Though both involve maladaptive behaviors, their core characteristics and motivations differ significantly.
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Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose origins are rooted in complex genetic components. Despite our burgeoning understanding, the pathophysiology of this disorder remains incompletely deciphered.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 19, 2026

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Cingulate and thalamic metabolites in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Joseph O'Neill1, Tsz M Lai2, Courtney Sheen2

  • 1Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience, Los Angeles, CA, United States.

Psychiatry Research. Neuroimaging
|June 19, 2016
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Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) shows altered brain metabolism, particularly in the anterior cingulate cortex. Metabolite levels correlate with symptom severity and overall functioning, suggesting potential therapeutic targets.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a debilitating mental health condition.
  • Brain metabolic alterations detected via proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) may serve as biomarkers for OCD.
  • Understanding these metabolic changes can inform treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate focal brain metabolic differences in patients with OCD compared to healthy controls.
  • To examine the relationship between specific neurometabolites (glutamate+glutamine [Glx], creatine+phosphocreatine [Cr], and choline-compounds [Cho]) and OCD symptom severity, depressive symptoms, and general functioning.

Main Methods:

  • Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was used to sample bilateral pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pACC), anterior middle cingulate cortex (aMCC), and thalamus.
  • 40 adult patients with OCD and 16 healthy controls participated in the study.
  • Neurometabolite levels were correlated with clinical assessments including the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (YBOCS), Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), and Global Assessment Scale (GAS).

Main Results:

  • A significant 9.7% higher level of pACC Glx was observed in OCD patients compared to controls.
  • Within OCD patients, Cr and Cho levels negatively correlated with YBOCS and MADRS scores.
  • Cr levels positively correlated with GAS scores in both pACC and thalamus, and negatively with MADRS in aMCC.

Conclusions:

  • Findings provide moderate support for glutamatergic and cingulocentric theories of OCD.
  • Metabolic alterations in pACC, aMCC, and thalamus are linked to OCD diagnosis and symptom dimensions.
  • These results suggest a potential corticothalamic dysfunction involving altered glutamatergic activity in OCD.