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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 19, 2026

A Murine Model of Fetal Exposure to Maternal Inflammation to Study the Effects of Acute Chorioamnionitis on Newborn Intestinal Development
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Histological chorioamnionitis shapes the neonatal transcriptomic immune response.

Jörn-Hendrik Weitkamp1, Scott O Guthrie2, Hector R Wong3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.

Early Human Development
|June 19, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Histologic chorioamnionitis (HCA) exposure in neonates activates their immune systems, altering gene expression and inflammatory markers in peripheral blood. This immune activation may lead to long-term health issues.

Keywords:
Histologic chorioamnionitisNeonatePrematureTranscriptome

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal immunology
  • Transcriptomics
  • Inflammatory pathways

Background:

  • Histologic chorioamnionitis (HCA) is linked to preterm birth and adverse neonatal outcomes like sepsis.
  • Transcriptomic analysis aids in diagnosing HCA, identifying therapeutic targets, and understanding neonatal disease mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define the transcriptomic and inflammatory protein response in the peripheral blood of infants exposed to HCA.
  • To investigate the molecular signatures associated with HCA exposure in neonates.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective, observational study design.
  • Analysis of whole blood samples from uninfected preterm neonates with and without HCA exposure.
  • Measurement of transcriptomic and inflammatory mediator profiles.

Main Results:

  • 488 differentially expressed genes were identified in neonates with HCA exposure, indicating activated innate and adaptive immune pathways.
  • The microRNA miR-155 showed a potential regulatory role in HCA-associated immune responses.
  • Elevated levels of MCP-1, MPO, and MMP-9 cytokines were observed in neonates with HCA exposure.

Conclusions:

  • In utero exposure to HCA distinctively activates the neonatal immune system.
  • These findings suggest potential long-term health consequences stemming from HCA-induced immune activation.