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Related Experiment Videos

Development of the child's arch.

N Gould1, M Moreland, R Alvarez

  • 1University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Burlington 05405.

Foot & Ankle
|April 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary

Arch support footwear may speed up the development of a neutral foot arch in toddlers. However, children

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Orthopedics
  • Podiatry

Background:

  • The development of the longitudinal arch in toddlers is a key area of pediatric orthopedic research.
  • Pes planus (flat feet) is common in toddlers, with arches typically developing by age 5.
  • Understanding factors influencing arch development is crucial for early intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To monitor lower extremity and foot arch development in toddlers aged 11-14 months until age 5.
  • To determine if different types of arch support footwear influence the development of a neutral arch.

Main Methods:

  • A longitudinal study of 125 beginner walkers, divided into four footwear groups (three with arch support, one without).
  • Data collected over 4 years via physical examinations, X-rays, and pedotopography (Moire fringe photography).

Main Results:

  • All toddlers presented with pes planus at the initial examination, with no cavus feet observed at any stage.
  • Foot arches developed in all children regardless of footwear, but faster development was noted in the first two years with arch support.
  • Continued use of longitudinal arch supports correlated with faster arch development up to age 5.

Conclusions:

  • Arch development occurs naturally in toddlers, but arch support footwear can accelerate this process, particularly in the early years.
  • Hyperpronation and genu valgum are common in 5-year-olds, suggesting these are typical developmental findings.
  • Ossification of the sustentaculum tali is a gradual process, continuing beyond age 5.

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