Mitochondrial quality control in insulin resistance and diabetes

Diabetes is increasingly prevalent and a primary contributor to the major causes of disability and death. Despite the central role of mitochondria in metabolism, the relationship between mitochondrial quality and insulin action remains unclear. An increasing number of genetically-engineered and aging rodent models are shedding additional light on the mitochondrion's role in regulating glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity by modulating mitochondrial morphology, function and quality control pathways. Clarification of the role of mitochondria in regulating key cellular processes including metabolic flux, autophagy, and apoptosis will drive the development of novel therapeutic strategies for maintaining mitochondrial quality and improving human health.