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Related Concept Videos

Obesity01:24

Obesity

1.5K
The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
1.5K
Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution01:25

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

357
Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...
357
Drug Dosing: Obese Patients01:21

Drug Dosing: Obese Patients

332
In the United States, obesity is a prominent concern. It is linked to heightened mortality rates due to increased occurrences of conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and diabetes compared to nonobese individuals. A patient is classified as obese if their actual body weight surpasses the ideal or desirable body weight by 20%, based on Metropolitan Life Insurance Company data. Ideal body weights consider average weights and heights for males and females...
332
Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion01:20

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion

269
Drug metabolism, a critical process in the liver, involves two primary phases: Phase I reactions and Phase II conjugation. Obesity introduces significant alterations in this metabolic process, primarily due to fatty infiltration of the liver, leading to conditions such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This condition can modify the activities of both Phase I and II enzymes, impacting how drugs are metabolized in obese patients.Phase I metabolism sees variable effects across...
269
Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy01:15

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

1.3K
The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
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Atherosclerosis III: Management01:26

Atherosclerosis III: Management

567
Management of atherosclerosis involves an integrated strategy encompassing pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions, lifestyle changes, and nutrition therapy to address the multifactorial nature of the disease.Pharmacological TherapyA cornerstone of atherosclerosis management is the use of pharmacological agents. Statins, such as atorvastatin, are pivotal in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes an initial step in cholesterol synthesis in the liver. This reduction in...
567

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Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report
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Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report

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Obesity: Current Treatment and Future Horizons.

Ziad Omran1

  • 1College of Pharmacy, Umm AlQura University, Al-Abidiyya, Makkah 21955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Mini Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry
|June 21, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Obesity is a growing global health crisis with limited treatment options. This review explores emerging obesity treatments targeting novel pathways and the potential of white adipose tissue "browning".

Area of Science:

  • Metabolic disorders
  • Pharmacology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Obesity prevalence has nearly doubled globally in under 35 years, causing significant health and economic burdens.
  • Obesity leads to widespread physiological dysfunction and multiple comorbidities.
  • Current FDA-approved long-term obesity treatments remain limited to five medications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current and emerging therapeutic strategies for obesity treatment.
  • To focus on novel molecular targets that have advanced to clinical trials.
  • To explore the potential of white adipose tissue browning and Aldh1a1 inhibitors.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific publications and clinical trial data.
  • Analysis of novel drug targets and mechanisms of action for obesity.

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  • Discussion of emerging therapeutic approaches including diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase-1 inhibitors, growth hormone secretagogue receptor-1a antagonists/inverse agonists, melanocortin-3 receptor agonists, and melanin-concentrating hormone receptor-1 antagonists.

    • Main Results:

    • Several novel molecular targets are under investigation for obesity treatment.
    • Specific drug candidates have progressed to clinical trials, indicating therapeutic potential.
    • The 'browning' of white adipose tissue and the inhibition of Aldh1a1 present promising new avenues.

    Conclusions:

    • Despite the escalating obesity epidemic, therapeutic options are scarce.
    • Emerging drug targets and strategies, including adipose tissue manipulation, offer hope for more effective obesity management.
    • Further research and clinical trials are crucial to validate these novel approaches.