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Enteric Nervous System: Regulation of GI Motor Activity01:11

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The Enteric Nervous System (ENS) plays a pivotal role in regulating gastrointestinal or GI motor activity. This complex network of nerves, deeply embedded within the gut wall, responds to changes in the gut environment and receives input from both the autonomic nervous system and the central nervous system. By doing so, the ENS operates various programs tailored to the body's nutritional status and needs.
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The gastrointestinal tract, responsible for the digestion and absorption of nutrients, is safeguarded by the intestinal barrier, which consists of secretory, physical, and immune components. At the forefront is the secretory barrier, composed of essential elements such as mucus, gut microbiota, and defense proteins. They collaborate to break down food particles, facilitate nutrient absorption, and maintain optimal gut health. These secretory components ensure the smooth functioning of the...
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The neuronal supply to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is essential for regulating various functions, including digestion, absorption, and movement of food. This intricate network of nerves is known as the enteric nervous system (ENS), often referred to as the "second brain" of the body.
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Related Experiment Video

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Immunostaining to Visualize Murine Enteric Nervous System Development
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Epigenetics in ENS development and Hirschsprung disease.

A Torroglosa1, M M Alves2, R M Fernández1

  • 1Department of Genetics, Reproduction and Fetal Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Seville, Spain.

Developmental Biology
|June 21, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) involves the failure of enteric nervous system (ENS) progenitor cells to develop correctly. This review explores epigenetic DNA modifications crucial for ENS development and their link to HSCR onset.

Keywords:
Enteric nervous systemEpigeneticsHirschsprung diseaseNeural crest cells

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Genetics
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a neurocristopathy resulting from failed enteric nervous system (ENS) development.
  • ENS formation relies on neural crest cell (NCC) migration, proliferation, and differentiation within the gastrointestinal tract.
  • Disruptions in ENS gene expression are implicated in HSCR pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review epigenetic DNA modifications involved in ENS development.
  • To examine epigenetic alterations associated with the onset of Hirschsprung disease.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on epigenetic mechanisms in ENS development.
  • Analysis of studies linking epigenetic changes to Hirschsprung disease.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA modification, play a critical role in regulating ENS gene expression.
  • Specific epigenetic changes are associated with the development of HSCR.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic regulation is fundamental to normal ENS development.
  • Understanding these epigenetic modifications offers insights into HSCR etiology and potential therapeutic targets.