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Checkpoint inhibitors and other novel immunotherapies for advanced renal cell carcinoma

Maria I Carlo1, Martin H Voss1, Robert J Motzer1

  • 1Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center 1275 York Avenue New York, New York 10065, USA.

Nature Reviews. Urology
|June 22, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Checkpoint inhibitors represent a significant advancement in treating advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC), offering improved survival. Ongoing research explores novel immunotherapies and combination treatments for better patient outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) management has evolved with targeted therapies like VEGF and mTOR inhibitors.
  • Despite advances, overall survival for advanced RCC patients remains limited.
  • Understanding T cell-mediated immunity has spurred development of novel cancer immunotherapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolving landscape of advanced RCC treatment.
  • To highlight the role of checkpoint inhibitors and emerging immunotherapies.
  • To discuss future directions in combination therapies and patient selection.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent clinical trials and therapeutic advancements in advanced RCC.
  • Analysis of the impact of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways.
  • Examination of immune checkpoint inhibitors and novel immunotherapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • The FDA approved nivolumab, a checkpoint inhibitor, in 2015 for advanced RCC, demonstrating improved overall survival.
  • Checkpoint inhibitor-based regimens are being compared to antiangiogenesis agents in first-line settings.
  • Numerous clinical trials are investigating checkpoint inhibitors alone, in combination, and with other targeted therapies.

Conclusions:

  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors have transformed advanced RCC treatment, offering new hope.
  • The field is rapidly advancing with ongoing trials exploring various combinations and novel immunotherapies.
  • Identifying patient subgroups likely to benefit from specific therapies and combinations is crucial for future treatment optimization.

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