Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 19, 2026

Underwater Endoscopic Injection Sclerotherapy for Gastroesophageal Varices
Published on: August 1, 2025
Oesophageal and gastric varices: historical aspects, classification and grading: everything in one place
Cyriac Abby Philips1, Amrish Sahney2
1Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India abbyphilips@gmail.com.
Insights
This review details the historical evolution and current classifications of variceal disease in portal hypertension management. Understanding these systems is crucial for consistent patient care and treatment strategies.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology
- Vascular Medicine
Background:
- Portal hypertension is a critical condition necessitating effective management of associated variceal disease.
- Standardized guidelines exist for variceal disease management, yet classification and grading systems vary globally.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive historical overview of variceal disease.
- To elucidate the various classification and grading systems currently employed for variceal disease.
- To enhance understanding of the evolution of portal hypertension and variceal disease.
Main Methods:
- Exhaustive literature review focusing on historical aspects.
- Analysis of diverse classification and grading systems for variceal disease.
- Inclusion of tables and timelines for clarity.
Main Results:
- Documented the historical progression of understanding variceal disease.
- Detailed numerous classification and grading systems, highlighting geographical differences.
- Presented a clear timeline of advancements in the field.
Conclusions:
- A unified understanding of variceal disease classification and grading is needed.
- Historical context and evolving systems are essential for optimal portal hypertension management.
- This review offers a clear perspective on the development of variceal disease management strategies.
Abstract:
Variceal disease and its management are of the utmost importance in the treatment of portal hypertension. Current guidelines are universal for management of variceal disease in portal hypertension. Classification and grading systems are numerous and differ according to geographical location. In this exhaustive review, the historical aspects of variceal disease, its classification and the grading systems in use are discussed, with self-explanatory tables and timelines. A better and clear understanding of the evolution of portal hypertension and variceal disease is provided.
Related Concept Videos
Esophageal Varices-I: Introduction
Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management
In the initial assessment, a thorough review of the patient's medical history is vital to identify risk factors such as liver disease, alcohol...
Varicose Veins I: Introduction
Varicose Veins II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care
Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction
Etiology
The primary cause of esophageal strictures is long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), accounting for about 70 to 80% of adult cases. Chronic acid reflux can lead to injury and scarring of the esophageal lining, culminating in...
Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management
Healthcare providers should gather a comprehensive medical history and conduct a physical examination for diagnosis. If esophageal stricture is...

