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Social Cognition in Multiple Sclerosis: a Meta-Analysis.

Emre Bora1,2, Serkan Özakbaş3, Dennis Velakoulis4

  • 1Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Alan Gilbert Building NNF level 3, Carlton South, VIC, 3053, Australia. emrebora@hotmail.com.

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) significantly impairs social cognition, including theory of mind and emotion recognition. These deficits correlate with other cognitive issues and may explain social functioning difficulties in MS patients.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by cognitive decline and social functioning impairments.
  • Growing evidence indicates deficits in social cognition, specifically theory of mind (ToM) and facial emotion recognition, in MS patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a meta-analysis comparing social cognition, including ToM and facial emotion recognition, in patients with MS versus healthy controls.
  • To investigate the association between social cognitive deficits and non-social cognitive impairments in MS.

Main Methods:

  • Meta-analysis of 24 studies.
  • Comparison of theory of mind (ToM) and facial emotion recognition performance in 989 MS patients and 836 healthy controls.

Main Results:

  • MS patients exhibited significant medium-effect-size impairments in both ToM (d=0.57) and facial emotion recognition (d=0.61).
  • Recognition of specific emotions, particularly fear and anger, was notably impaired.
  • The severity of social cognitive deficits was significantly linked to non-social cognitive impairments.

Conclusions:

  • Deficits in social cognition are prevalent in MS and may contribute to social functioning difficulties.
  • Further research is needed to understand the longitudinal progression and neural underpinnings of these social cognitive deficits in MS.