Suicidal ideation in pregnancy: an epidemiologic review

Area of Science:

• Reproductive Health
• Mental Health
• Epidemiology

Background:

• Suicidal behaviors are a major global health concern, contributing significantly to maternal mortality in some regions.
• Suicidal ideation during pregnancy (antepartum suicidal ideation) is a critical predictor of suicide attempts and completion, offering a window for intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review and synthesize existing research on the epidemiology of antepartum suicidal ideation.
• To identify prevalence, risk factors, consequences, and screening measures for suicidal ideation during pregnancy.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of original publications identified through electronic database searches (pregnancy, pregnant women, suicidal ideation).
• Inclusion criteria focused on original articles examining pregnancy and suicidal ideation.
• Analysis of 57 selected articles covering prevalence, risk factors, consequences, and screening.

Main Results:

• Pregnant women exhibit higher rates of suicidal ideation compared to the general population.
• Identified risk factors include intimate partner violence, lower educational attainment (<12 years), and major depressive disorder.
• Existing screening tools are often limited, primarily designed for depression, and may miss cases of ideation independent of depressive disorders.

Conclusions:

• There is a significant need for enhanced screening and detection of antepartum suicidal ideation.
• Current screening methods are insufficient, highlighting the necessity for innovative approaches to identify suicidal ideation in pregnant women, irrespective of depressive symptoms.