Robotics in Arthroplasty: A Comprehensive Review.

Area of Science:

• Orthopedic Surgery
• Robotics in Medicine
• Biomedical Engineering

Background:

• Robotic-assisted orthopedic surgery has been used for over 20 years.
• Current systems aim to improve total joint arthroplasty by enhancing alignment and kinematics.
• Semiactive systems are dominant, offering surgeons precise control based on preoperative planning.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the evolution and impact of robotic systems in orthopedic surgery.
• To assess the benefits of robotic assistance in terms of precision, alignment, and patient outcomes.
• To discuss future design objectives and the cost-effectiveness of robotic arthroplasty.

Main Methods:

• Review of previous robotic system designs and clinical studies.
• Analysis of navigation strategies (active, semiactive, passive).
• Evaluation of component positioning, alignment, revision rates, and patient satisfaction.

Main Results:

• Robotic systems decrease variability and increase precision in component positioning and alignment.
• Early clinical results suggest decreased revision rates and improved patient satisfaction.
• Newer systems show improved accuracy, satisfaction, and reduced complications in knee and hip arthroplasty.

Conclusions:

• Robotic-assisted arthroplasty demonstrates potential for improved outcomes and precision.
• Further studies are required to confirm long-term cost-effectiveness.
• Future robotic systems are expected to enhance planning and intraoperative execution.