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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

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Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
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Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination01:28

Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination

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Meaning of Cystoscopic Examination:Cystoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool in urology that is used to assess the structure and function of the genitourinary system. It provides a direct view of the urethra, bladder, and, in some cases, the ureteral openings. This procedure helps detect structural abnormalities, infections, cancers, and blockages in the urinary tract. There are two types of cystoscopy:Flexible cystoscopy is commonly performed in outpatient settings due to its less invasive...
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Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

562
Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
562
Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management

402
AssessmentSubjective Data: Obtain a detailed health history, including any recent or chronic urinary tract infections, periods of immobilization, previous episodes of renal calculi, and medical conditions such as gout, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or hyperparathyroidism. Review the medication history for drugs that may influence stone formation, including allopurinol, analgesics, loop diuretics, or thiazide diuretics. Document the use of long-term indwelling catheters and any past surgical...
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Ureters01:22

Ureters

1.9K
The ureters are retroperitoneal tubes located on either side of the vertebral column. They are responsible for transporting urine from each kidney to the urinary bladder. These tubes have thick walls and are approximately 25-30 cm long. Their diameter is around 10 mm at the renal pelvis, gradually narrowing to 1 mm as the ureter obliquely enters the posterior bladder wall through the ureteric orifices. The shape of these orifices is slit-like, which helps to prevent urine backflow toward the...
1.9K
Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

1.0K
The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 19, 2026

Technical Modification of the Terminal Ureter During Total Transperitoneal Laparoscopic Nephroureterectomy for Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma
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Postmenopausal endometriosis with ureteric involvement.

Vijay Rao Gudla, Soumya Tangudu

    Radiology Case Reports
    |June 22, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    Ureteral endometriosis is a rare cause of kidney obstruction in postmenopausal women. Early diagnosis is crucial to prevent silent loss of renal function from this condition.

    Area of Science:

    • Gynecology
    • Urology
    • Nephrology

    Background:

    • Ureteral endometriosis is an uncommon condition, particularly in postmenopausal women.
    • It can present as a lower ureteric mass, mimicking other pathologies.
    • Silent renal function loss is a potential complication.

    Observation:

    • This case report details a postmenopausal woman with a chronically obstructed kidney.
    • The obstruction was caused by ureteral endometriosis.
    • The condition led to significant, yet initially undetected, renal impairment.

    Findings:

    • Ureteral endometriosis can cause chronic kidney obstruction in postmenopausal individuals.
    • It presents a diagnostic challenge due to its rarity and potential for silent progression.
    Keywords:
    CT, computed tomography

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  • This condition necessitates inclusion in the differential diagnosis for lower ureteric masses.

    • Implications:

    • Highlights the importance of considering ureteral endometriosis in postmenopausal women with unexplained ureteric masses.
    • Emphasizes the need for prompt diagnosis and management to preserve renal function.
    • Contributes to understanding the clinical presentation and diagnostic considerations of this rare condition.