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Related Concept Videos

Polyprotic Acids03:38

Polyprotic Acids

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Acids are classified by the number of protons per molecule that they can give up in a reaction. Acids such as HCl, HNO3, and HCN that contain one ionizable hydrogen atom in each molecule are called monoprotic acids. Their reactions with water are:
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Composition of Polyprotic Acid Solutions as a Function of pH01:19

Composition of Polyprotic Acid Solutions as a Function of pH

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Polyprotic acids of the type H2M constitute two ionizable protons. As a result, on titration with a base, they exhibit two equivalence points in the titration curve. During titration, the species H2M, HM−, and M2− will be present in the solution at different points. The fractions of H2M, HM−, and M2− present at the various instances of the titration are denoted by α0, α1, and α2, respectively.
A graph with the alpha values is plotted against the volume of...
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Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

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The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
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Roles of Electrolytes: Calcium and Phosphate01:27

Roles of Electrolytes: Calcium and Phosphate

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Calcium and phosphate are essential electrolytes in the human body, with calcium being the most abundant mineral. Around 99% of the body's calcium is stored in the skeleton and teeth, forming a crystal lattice of mineral salts in combination with phosphates. Calcium plays crucial roles in various bodily functions such as blood clotting, neurotransmitter release, muscle tone maintenance, and nervous and muscle tissue excitability.
The calcium concentration in blood plasma is primarily...
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Role of Matrix Metalloproteases in Degradation of ECM01:23

Role of Matrix Metalloproteases in Degradation of ECM

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Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) are enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of proteins and glycoproteins of the extracellular matrix. MMPs are essential for the migration and proliferation of cells through the dense matrix network, throughout embryonic development, and throughout morphogenesis. The first MMP activity discovered was a collagenase in a tadpole's tail undergoing metamorphosis. The active collagen deposition and modifications lead to the morphogenesis of tadpoles into the adult...
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Titration of a Polyprotic Acid02:08

Titration of a Polyprotic Acid

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A polyprotic acid contains more than one ionizable hydrogen and undergoes a stepwise ionization process.  If the acid dissociation constants of the ionizable protons differ sufficiently from each other, then the titration curve for such polyprotic acid generates a distinct equivalence point for each of its ionizable hydrogens. Therefore, titration of a diprotic acid results in the formation of two equivalence points, whereas the titration of a triprotic acid results in the formation of three...
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Phosphoric acid concentration affects dentinal MMPs activity.

A G DeVito-Moraes1, C Francci2, C M P Vidal3

  • 1Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil; Discipline of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil.

Journal of Dentistry
|June 22, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Phosphoric acid concentration affects dentin proteolytic activity. While 37% phosphoric acid (PA) demineralizes dentin most, 10% PA maximizes endogenous enzyme activity, impacting collagen degradation.

Keywords:
DentinMMPsPhosphoric acidProteasesProteolytic activity

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Optimized Procedure for Determining the Adsorption of Phosphonates onto Granular Ferric Hydroxide using a Miniaturized Phosphorus Determination Method
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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Dental Research

Background:

  • Endogenous proteases in dentin matrix can digest dentin components.
  • These proteases may be activated by acidic dental adhesives.
  • Understanding enzyme activity under different demineralization conditions is crucial for dental material development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of varying phosphoric acid (PA) concentrations on the proteolytic activity of human demineralized dentin.
  • To determine if PA concentration influences matrix-bound and extracted dentin enzymes.

Main Methods:

  • Human dentin powder was demineralized using 1wt%, 10wt%, and 37wt% PA.
  • Released calcium, extracted MMP-2 activity (western blot, zymography), and bound-matrix enzyme activity (hydroxyproline, in situ zymography) were measured.

Main Results:

  • Higher calcium release was observed with 37% PA compared to 10% and 1% PA.
  • Enzyme expression and activity were detected across all PA concentrations.
  • Maximal extracted MMP-2 activity and collagen degradation (hydroxyproline release, in situ zymography) occurred at 10% PA.

Conclusions:

  • Phosphoric acid does not denature dentin's endogenous enzymes.
  • PA concentration modulates the expression and activity of these enzymes in a concentration-dependent manner.
  • 10% PA demonstrated the highest proteolytic activity, while 37% PA, though demineralizing more, slowed enzyme activity.