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Related Concept Videos

Somatosensation01:33

Somatosensation

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The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
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Depth Perception and Spatial Vision01:15

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Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.
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Sensory Perception: Organization of the Somatosensory System01:11

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The somatosensory system is the central and peripheral nervous system component that senses and processes touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and body position or proprioception. The process of sensation takes place at three levels:
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Design Example: Resistive Touchscreen01:14

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A device engineer plays a crucial role in designing user interfaces for mobile devices. One such interface is the resistive touchscreen, which fundamentally consists of two metallic layers: a flexible upper layer and a rigid lower layer, separated by a narrow gap. The high resistance between these two layers is a key characteristic of this design.
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Tactile and Chemical Senses01:27

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Tactile senses encompass touch, temperature, and pain, each mediated by specific receptors. Touch receptors detect mechanical energy or pressure against the skin. Sensory fibers from these receptors enter the spinal cord and relay information to the brain stem. Here, most fibers cross over to the opposite side of the brain. The touch information then moves to the thalamus, which projects a map of the body's surface onto the somatosensory areas of the parietal lobes in the cerebral cortex.
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Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

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The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 19, 2026

Tactile Semiautomatic Passive-Finger Angle Stimulator TSPAS
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Towards explaining spatial touch perception: Weighted integration of multiple location codes.

Stephanie Badde1, Tobias Heed2

  • 1a Department of Psychology , New York University , New York , NY , USA.

Cognitive Neuropsychology
|June 22, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Touch localization relies on body posture and context, not just skin sensors. External location perception overrides skin-based maps when focusing on the world, making touch a dynamic, reconstructive process.

Keywords:
Tactilebody posturelocalizationmultisensoryreference frames

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Somatosensory Cortex
  • Human Perception

Background:

  • Touch perception is typically linked to skin receptors.
  • Primary somatosensory cortex activity reflects skin sensor distribution.
  • Locating touch requires considering the body's spatial layout and posture.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how body posture is integrated into tactile localization.
  • To explore the interplay between skin-based and external representations of touch.
  • To understand the contextual factors influencing touch localization.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on somatosensory processing and spatial awareness.
  • Analysis of neural mechanisms underlying tactile perception.
  • Discussion of sensory and cognitive factors influencing behavioral responses to touch.

Main Results:

  • Body posture is automatically incorporated into tactile stimulus processing.
  • The dominance of external versus skin-based touch representation depends on attentional focus.
  • Sensory and cognitive factors modulate the behavioral relevance of external touch locations.

Conclusions:

  • Tactile localization is a reconstructive process, not a direct sensory mapping.
  • Contextual information, including body posture, dynamically adjusts touch perception.
  • An external, world-focused representation of touch prevails over a purely anatomical one when interacting with the environment.