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Correspondent inference theory, proposed by Jones and Davis in 1965, seeks to explain how individuals infer stable personality traits from observed behaviors. It suggests that people attribute actions to underlying dispositions rather than external circumstances, particularly when the behavior appears intentional and socially significant.Voluntary Behavior and Dispositional AttributionAccording to this theory, individuals are more likely to attribute behavior to personal traits when it appears...
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Behavior is a product of both the situation (e.g., cultural influences, social roles, and the presence of bystanders) and of the person (e.g., personality characteristics). Subfields of psychology tend to focus on one influence or behavior over others. Situationism is the view that our behavior and actions are determined by our immediate environment and surroundings. In contrast, dispositionism holds that our behavior is determined by internal factors (Heider, 1958).
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In social interactions, individuals frequently seek to understand the motivations and causes behind others' behaviors. This fundamental aspect of social perception, known as attribution, plays a crucial role in shaping interpersonal relationships and guiding future actions. Attribution refers to the cognitive process through which people infer the reasons behind others' behaviors, allowing them to assess character traits, intentions, and situational influences.Attribution Theory and Its...
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Correspondence bias, also referred to as the fundamental attribution error, describes the tendency to attribute another person’s behavior to internal characteristics rather than situational influences. This cognitive bias leads individuals to overlook external factors that may be influencing actions, thereby fostering potentially inaccurate assessments of others’ intentions and dispositions.Empirical Evidence for Correspondence BiasResearch has consistently demonstrated the...
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A Bayesian model of context-sensitive value attribution.

Francesco Rigoli1, Karl J Friston1, Cristina Martinelli2

  • 1The Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London, United Kingdom.

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|June 22, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The brain calculates incentive value based on context, using prior beliefs and prediction errors. This new Bayesian model explains how context influences reward anticipation and may shed light on addiction.

Keywords:
Bayesianchoicecontext influencehumanincentive valueneuroscience

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Psychiatry
  • Decision Science

Background:

  • Incentive value is known to be context-dependent.
  • The computational mechanisms driving this context sensitivity are not understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a normative Bayesian framework for understanding how the brain computes context-dependent incentive values.
  • To provide empirical support for this computational model.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a Bayesian model where the brain inverts a generative model of rewards.
  • Incorporated prior beliefs about context, weighted by reliability.
  • Defined incentive values as precision-weighted prediction errors.
  • Investigated the influence of context variability and hierarchical structures.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that incentive value is intrinsically context-dependent.
  • Empirical evidence supports the model's predictions regarding context variability.
  • Showed influence of hierarchically nested contexts on incentive value.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed Bayesian account offers a principled explanation for context-dependent incentive value computation.
  • This framework provides novel predictions for understanding psychopathologies like addiction.