Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Esophageal Varices-I: Introduction01:24

Esophageal Varices-I: Introduction

2.0K
Esophageal varices are dilated, tortuous veins which are found mainly in the submucosa of the lower esophagus but which may also appear higher up or extend into the stomach. They develop due to increased pressure in the portal venous system, often as a result of liver cirrhosis. This condition scars and damages the liver, impeding normal blood flow through the portal vein. To compensate, blood seeks alternative pathways, forming fragile new vessels (varices) in the esophagus and stomach. These...
2.0K
Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management01:28

Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management

730
Esophageal varices often manifest as gastrointestinal bleeding episodes, presenting symptoms like hematemesis (vomiting of blood), hematochezia (passing fresh blood via the rectum), and melena (black, tarry stools). Other signs can include weight loss, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, jaundice, pruritus, altered mental status, and muscle cramps.
In the initial assessment, a thorough review of the patient's medical history is vital to identify risk factors such as liver disease, alcohol...
730
Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management01:26

Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management

854
Patients with esophageal strictures often experience a range of symptoms. Initially, they may have difficulty swallowing solid foods, which can progress to include liquids. Additional symptoms may involve chest pain or discomfort, regurgitating food and fluids, heartburn, unintentional weight loss, coughing or choking during meals, and hoarseness.
Healthcare providers should gather a comprehensive medical history and conduct a physical examination for diagnosis. If esophageal stricture is...
854
Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:21

Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

1.4K
Individuals with Barrett's esophagus are often asymptomatic, but they may experience symptoms commonly associated with GERD, such as heartburn and acid regurgitation. Additional symptoms can include difficulty swallowing, chest pain, unintentional weight loss, blood in the stool (which may appear black, tarry, or bloody), and episodes of vomiting.
To diagnose Barrett's esophagus, healthcare providers often recommend an endoscopy for those showing symptoms of acid reflux. The procedure...
1.4K
Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction01:30

Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction

1.1K
Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Etiology
The primary cause of esophageal strictures is long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), accounting for about 70 to 80% of adult cases. Chronic acid reflux can lead to injury and scarring of the esophageal lining, culminating in...
1.1K
Blood Supply to the Digestive System01:16

Blood Supply to the Digestive System

6.2K
Splanchnic circulation refers to the network of blood vessels that supply and drain blood from the abdominal organs involved in digestion, including the stomach, liver, pancreas, intestines, and spleen. This circulation delivers essential nutrients and oxygen while removing waste products from these organs.
Blood Supply to the Digestive System: The splanchnic circulation involves three main arteries: the celiac artery (also known as the celiac trunk) and the superior and inferior mesenteric...
6.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Principles Supporting CKD Management in Primary Care: 2025 Veterans Affairs/Department of Defense Clinical Practice Guidelines.

Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN·2026
Same author

Disclosure of Industry Relationships by Otolaryngologists.

Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery·2025
Same author

Idiopathic Subglottic Stenosis in Non-Caucasian Women.

OTO open·2024
Same author

Comparative Treatment Outcomes for Idiopathic Subglottic Stenosis: 5-Year Update.

Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery·2023
Same author

Well-Differentiated Hypopharyngeal Liposarcoma-Associated Airway Obstruction.

JAMA otolaryngology-- head & neck surgery·2022
Same author

Surface kinematic and depth-resolved analysis of human vocal folds in vivo during phonation using optical coherence tomography.

Journal of biomedical optics·2021

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 19, 2026

Three-Dimensional Printing of a Complex Aortic Anomaly
03:40

Three-Dimensional Printing of a Complex Aortic Anomaly

Published on: November 1, 2018

7.2K

Are Online Zenker's Diverticulum Materials Readable and Understandable?

Vini Balakrishnan1, Zachariah Chandy1, Sunil P Verma2

  • 1University of California, Irvine, California, USA.

Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery : Official Journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
|June 23, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Online patient materials for Zenker's diverticulum (ZD) are too difficult to read. Lower reading levels significantly improve understandability, urging healthcare providers to create more accessible ZD educational content.

Keywords:
InternetPatient Education Materials Evaluation Tool (PEMAT)Zenker’s diverticulumpatient educationpatient education materialspatient safety/quality improvement (PS/QI)readabilityreadability formulaunderstandability

More Related Videos

The Dyspepsia Educational Tool As a Novel Aid in Dyspepsia Management
06:40

The Dyspepsia Educational Tool As a Novel Aid in Dyspepsia Management

Published on: June 29, 2019

7.1K
Multimodality Diagnosis of Mesenteric Ischemia
05:07

Multimodality Diagnosis of Mesenteric Ischemia

Published on: July 21, 2023

1.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 19, 2026

Three-Dimensional Printing of a Complex Aortic Anomaly
03:40

Three-Dimensional Printing of a Complex Aortic Anomaly

Published on: November 1, 2018

7.2K
The Dyspepsia Educational Tool As a Novel Aid in Dyspepsia Management
06:40

The Dyspepsia Educational Tool As a Novel Aid in Dyspepsia Management

Published on: June 29, 2019

7.1K
Multimodality Diagnosis of Mesenteric Ischemia
05:07

Multimodality Diagnosis of Mesenteric Ischemia

Published on: July 21, 2023

1.4K

Area of Science:

  • Medical communication
  • Health literacy
  • Patient education

Background:

  • Patients seek diverse online resources for information on Zenker's diverticulum (ZD).
  • Assessing the quality of online patient education materials (PEMs) is crucial for effective health communication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the readability and understandability of online ZD patient education materials (PEMs).
  • To assess these materials against established criteria.
  • To determine the correlation between readability and understandability of ZD PEMs.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the first 50 webpages from an online search for ZD.
  • Evaluation of 21 patient-intended webpages using 6 readability tools.
  • Assessment of understandability using the Patient Education Materials Evaluation Tool (PEMAT) by four raters.
  • Statistical analysis including Fleiss κ for interrater reliability and Pearson correlation for readability-understandability relationship.

Main Results:

  • Reviewed ZD PEMs exhibited reading grade levels from 10th to 16th grade.
  • Understandability scores ranged from 31% to 74%.
  • A significant negative correlation (r = -0.62, P < .05) was found between readability and understandability, indicating lower reading levels were more understandable.

Conclusions:

  • Online PEMs for ZD are predominantly written above recommended reading levels.
  • Materials with lower reading levels demonstrate greater understandability.
  • Significant variability in understandability exists even among materials with similar reading grade levels.