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Sensitization to Rubber Accelerators in Northeastern Italy: The Triveneto Patch Test Database.

Silvia Buttazzo1, Andrea Prodi, Anna Belloni Fortina

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Rubber accelerators in natural and synthetic rubbers cause occupational skin disease. Carbamates sensitization is prevalent and increasing, significantly linked to jobs requiring glove use or chemical exposure.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Occupational Health
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Rubber accelerators are common causes of occupational skin disease, particularly allergic contact dermatitis from rubber gloves.
  • Sensitization to these accelerators is the primary cause of glove-related allergic contact dermatitis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of rubber accelerator sensitization in northeastern Italy.
  • To analyze trends in sensitization over time and occupational correlations.
  • To investigate co-sensitization patterns among different rubber accelerators.

Main Methods:

  • Patch testing of 23,774 individuals across six cities in northeastern Italy from 1996 to 2012.
  • Utilized specific tests for carbamates, thiurams, benzothiazole (MBT), and isopropyl phenyl paraphenylamine diamine (IPPD).

Main Results:

  • Overall sensitization frequencies: carbamates (3.4%), MBT (0.65%), thiurams (1.75%), and IPPD (0.83%).
  • Significant occupational associations found for carbamates and thiurams, especially in healthcare workers, maids, restaurant workers, hairdressers, shop assistants, construction workers, mechanics, and drivers.
  • Thiuram sensitivity showed strong correlations with dermatitis in several high-risk occupations.

Conclusions:

  • Rubber accelerators play a significant role in allergic contact dermatitis in northeastern Italy.
  • Sensitization is strongly linked to occupations involving glove use or chemical exposure.
  • Carbamates sensitization is the most prevalent and shows an increasing trend over the study period.