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[Two aspects of masculinity-femininity. II].

M Yamaguchi1

  • 1Department of Educational Psychology, Kyoto University.

Shinrigaku Kenkyu : the Japanese Journal of Psychology
|February 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary

This study explored masculinity-femininity perceptions in students. Findings indicate that male students felt pressured to be more masculine, while female students felt pressured to be more feminine than they personally desired.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Sociology
  • Gender Studies

Background:

  • Masculinity and femininity are key personality aspects.
  • Societal and familial expectations influence gender role perception.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore perceptions of masculinity-femininity.
  • To examine how these perceptions differ across age groups and between genders.

Main Methods:

  • Survey administered to 65 middle school, 150 high school, and 219 university students.
  • Participants rated desirability of 45 items related to masculinity-femininity for themselves, parents, and society.

Main Results:

  • Male students perceived parental and societal expectations for greater masculinity than their own desires.
  • Female students perceived parental and societal expectations for greater femininity and less masculinity than their own desires.

Conclusions:

  • Adolescent and university students' perceptions of gender roles are influenced by perceived external expectations.
  • Discrepancies exist between self-perceived gender traits and those perceived as desired by parents and society.

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