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Related Concept Videos

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

106
Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
106
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

96
Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum...
96
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions01:01

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions

91
Type II hypersensitivity involves IgG and IgM antibodies targeting cell surface antigens, leading to cell destruction. This can occur through complement activation, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), or acting as opsonins for phagocytosis. When excessive, these reactions cause significant tissue damage.Drug-induced hemolytic anemia is a common example, where drugs like penicillin or cephalosporins bind to red blood cells, forming drug-protein complexes. These complexes...
91
Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

1.6K
Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
1.6K
Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

119
Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
119
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions01:29

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions

136
Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), or Type IV hypersensitivity, is a cell-mediated immune response. It occurs when T cells, rather than antibodies, mediate a reaction to specific antigens. It is characterized by a delayed onset (1-2 days) and involves the recruitment of macrophages to the inflammation site.The initiation of a DTH response begins with the sensitization of T cells. During this phase, which lasts at least 1-2 weeks, antigen-specific T cells are activated, clonally expanded, and...
136

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 19, 2026

Development of an in vitro model system for studying the interaction of Equus caballus IgE with its high-affinity receptor FcεRI
07:31

Development of an in vitro model system for studying the interaction of Equus caballus IgE with its high-affinity receptor FcεRI

Published on: November 1, 2014

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Immunoglobulin E-Mediated Hypersensitivity Reaction to Ketamine.

John Ozcan1, Katherine Nicholls2, Karin Jones1

  • 1Department of Anaesthesia, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.

Pain Practice : the Official Journal of World Institute of Pain
|June 24, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Ketamine allergy is rare, but a patient experienced a severe reaction including rash and swelling during infusion. Allergy was confirmed via skin testing and elevated tryptase levels, advising against future ketamine use.

Keywords:
IgE-mediatedallergyhypersensitivityketamine

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Basophil Activation Test for Investigation of IgE-Mediated Mechanisms in Drug Hypersensitivity
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 19, 2026

Development of an in vitro model system for studying the interaction of Equus caballus IgE with its high-affinity receptor FcεRI
07:31

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Published on: November 1, 2014

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Basophil Activation Test for Investigation of IgE-Mediated Mechanisms in Drug Hypersensitivity
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Basophil Activation Test for Investigation of IgE-Mediated Mechanisms in Drug Hypersensitivity

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An Ex vivo Mast Cell Degranulation Assay using Crude Peritoneal Exudate Cells and Natural Antigen Stimulation
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Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Ketamine is a widely used analgesic for acute and chronic pain.
  • While generally safe, dose-dependent side effects are known, but ketamine allergy is exceptionally rare.

Observation:

  • A 41-year-old woman with chronic pelvic pain developed urticaria and perioral edema during a ketamine infusion.
  • Symptoms resolved rapidly after discontinuing the infusion and administering antihistamines.

Findings:

  • The patient exhibited elevated serum tryptase levels post-infusion.
  • Intradermal skin testing confirmed a type I hypersensitivity reaction to ketamine.
  • This suggests an immunoglobulin E-mediated allergic response.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the possibility of rare but severe ketamine hypersensitivity reactions.
  • Physicians should consider ketamine allergy in patients presenting with allergic symptoms during or after ketamine administration.
  • Patients with confirmed ketamine allergy must avoid future exposure due to risks of severe systemic reactions.