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Rotavirus vaccine strain transmission by vaccinated infants in the foster home

Hiroki Miura1, Yoshiki Kawamura1, Ken Sugata1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan.

Journal of Medical Virology
|June 24, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Rotavirus (RV) vaccination is safe in close contact settings, like foster homes. Limited transmission of the RV vaccine strain occurred between vaccinated and unvaccinated infants, indicating overall safety.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Rotavirus (RV) vaccines are crucial for preventing severe diarrhea in infants.
  • Previous studies indicated potential transmission of RV vaccine strains from vaccinated to unvaccinated individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the safety of rotavirus vaccination in close contact settings.
  • To evaluate potential transmission of RV vaccine strains in a controlled environment, such as a foster home.
  • To inform future vaccine safety assessments in high-risk neonatal intensive care units.

Main Methods:

  • Quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to measure RV viral RNA loads.
  • Stool samples were collected from 4 RV-vaccinated and 23 unvaccinated infants in a closed contact setting.
  • Persistent detection of RV vaccine strain RNA was analyzed in all collected samples.

Main Results:

  • RV vaccine strain RNA was detected in all 4 vaccinated infants and one unvaccinated infant.
  • The unvaccinated infant positive for RV vaccine strain RNA had received vaccination prior to study enrollment.
  • Viral RNA load peaked one week post-vaccination and gradually decreased, with limited transmission observed.

Conclusions:

  • Rotavirus vaccination appears safe in close contact environments.
  • Limited transmission of the RV vaccine strain suggests a low risk to unvaccinated infants in shared environments.
  • Findings support the safety of rotavirus vaccination for broader public health initiatives.

Keywords:
horizontal transmissionhuman rotavirusvaccineviral excretion

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