Thalassemia and infertility.

Area of Science:

• Hematology
• Reproductive Endocrinology

Background:

• Beta-thalassemia major (BTM) is a prevalent global hemoglobin disorder, particularly in Mediterranean, Arab, and Asian populations.
• Transfusion therapy for BTM-induced anemia leads to iron overload, causing significant organ damage and endocrine dysfunction, most commonly hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.
• Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in BTM manifests as delayed puberty, amenorrhea, and infertility, impacting reproductive health.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review fertility management strategies for women with Beta-thalassemia major.
• To analyze the primary causes of infertility in BTM patients.
• To provide practical guidance for diagnostic work-up and intervention options to optimize reproductive health.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature review on Beta-thalassemia major and reproductive health.
• Analysis of causes of infertility in BTM.
• Examination of current diagnostic and therapeutic interventions for fertility preservation.

Main Results:

• Iron overload from transfusions is a key factor in BTM-related infertility.
• Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism is the most frequent endocrine complication affecting fertility.
• Advances in BTM management enhance reproductive system function and pregnancy potential.

Conclusions:

• Effective fertility management is crucial for women with Beta-thalassemia major.
• A thorough diagnostic approach is necessary to identify causes of infertility.
• Intervention strategies can significantly improve reproductive outcomes and overall health.