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Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

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Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
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Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

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Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
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Heart Failure I: Introduction01:27

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Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
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Human Genetics01:28

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Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
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Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation01:30

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Heart failure can be classified in various ways, with the most common classifications based on physical activity limitations, disease progression, severity, and treatment strategies.The Functional Classification of Heart Failure divides patients into four categories based on physical activity limitation due to symptom burden.Class I: Patients in this class have cardiac disease but no physical activity limitations. Ordinary activities like walking, climbing stairs, or routine tasks do not cause...
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Genetic variations significantly influence drug response through pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and biologic milieu modifications. Pharmacokinetic alterations impact drug metabolism and clearance, affecting efficacy and toxicity. Variants in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, alter drug activation and elimination. For example, CYP2C9 loss-of-function variants require lower warfarin doses to prevent excessive bleeding, while CYP2C19 variants reduce clopidogrel...
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Author Spotlight: Exploring the Relationship Between Lipotoxicity and HFpEF
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Epigenetics in heart failure phenotypes.

Alexander Berezin1

  • 1Internal Medicine Department, State Medical University for Zaporozhye, 26, Mayakovsky Av., Zaporozhye, Postcode 69035, Ukraine.

BBA Clinical
|June 24, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epigenetic modifications are implicated in the development of heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). This review explores epigenetic mechanisms and potential therapies for HF.

Keywords:
Chromatin remodelingEpigenetic modificationsHeart failure with preserved ejection fractionHeart failure with reduced ejection fraction

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Chronic heart failure (HF) is a significant health issue with high morbidity and mortality.
  • HF presents as HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), sharing similar clinical outcomes despite distinct features.
  • Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying HF pathogenesis is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current evidence on the role of epigenetic modifications in the development of different HF phenotypes.
  • To explore the potential of epigenetic-based therapies for managing HF.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on epigenetics and heart failure.
  • Analysis of molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in HF pathogenesis.
  • Examination of current and emerging epigenetic-based therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • Emerging evidence suggests epigenetic regulation plays a key role in HF development.
  • Specific epigenetic modifications are associated with both HFrEF and HFpEF.
  • Epigenetic mechanisms offer potential targets for novel HF treatments.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic modifications are integral to the pathogenesis of various HF phenotypes.
  • Targeting epigenetic pathways presents a promising avenue for future HF therapies.
  • Further research into epigenetic mechanisms could lead to improved patient outcomes.