[Developments of neutrophil function and the relationship between neutrophils dysfunction and periodontitis]

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Periodontology
• Cell Biology

Background:

• Polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes (PMNs) are vital human immune cells.
• Recent research updates understanding of PMN functions, including pathogen killing, immunoregulation, and proresolving activities.
• PMN homeostasis, involving activation, adhesion, recruitment, apoptosis, and efferocytosis, is essential for immune defense.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the updated functions of PMNs in relation to periodontitis.
• To explore the mechanisms of PMN homeostasis, known as the neutrophil rheostat.
• To highlight the link between PMN dysfunction and the development of periodontitis.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of recent findings on PMN biology and periodontitis.
• Analysis of the neutrophil rheostat regulatory mechanisms.
• Examination of factors contributing to PMN dysfunction.

Main Results:

• PMNs perform roles beyond pathogen killing, including immunoregulation and proresolution.
• The neutrophil rheostat maintains PMN homeostasis through complex cellular and cytokine interactions.
• Disruptions in PMN homeostasis can impair host immunity and contribute to periodontitis.

Conclusions:

• PMN homeostasis is critical for effective immune function and preventing periodontitis.
• PMN dysfunction, influenced by host or microbial factors, is strongly associated with periodontitis, particularly in systemic diseases and genetic defects.