Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System01:18

Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System

1.8K
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is an intricate network of nerves that controls functions such as the regulation of heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure regulation. When this system malfunctions, it can lead to various disorders that affect multiple bodily functions. One common feature of many autonomic disorders is the involvement of smooth blood vessels, which play a crucial role in regulating blood flow throughout the body.
Raynaud's disease, also known as Raynaud's...
1.8K
Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

4.4K
Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
4.4K
Acute Respiratory Failure-I01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-I

1.4K
Acute respiratory failure is a condition characterized by the inability of the lungs to perform their primary function: gas exchange. This failure leads to insufficient oxygen levels (hypoxemia) in the blood, elevated carbon dioxide levels (hypercapnia), or both, causing critical impairment in organ function.
Definition: It is defined by specific criteria based on blood gas measurements. Hypoxemia happens when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) falls below 60 mmHg. At the same time,...
1.4K
Acute Respiratory Failure-III01:30

Acute Respiratory Failure-III

1.1K
Hypercapnic respiratory failure, also known as Type 2 or ventilatory respiratory failure, is a severe condition characterized by the body's inability to effectively remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the bloodstream. It leads to an arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2) exceeding 45 mmHg and a blood pH above 7.35. This situation indicates that the body's ventilatory demand, or the ventilation needed to maintain normal PaCO2 levels, surpasses its supply or the maximum gas flow achievable without...
1.1K
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

1.3K
Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
1.3K
Autonomic Nervous System01:22

Autonomic Nervous System

14.9K
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a critical component of the peripheral nervous system, primarily responsible for regulating involuntary bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. It functions in tandem with the central nervous system (CNS) to seamlessly coordinate various physiological processes without the need for conscious control.
The ANS comprises two main divisions: the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. These divisions function antagonistically to maintain a dynamic...
14.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A Rare Biopsy-Confirmed Case of Wild-Type Transthyretin Amyloid Polyneuropathy and Autonomic Neuropathy.

Muscle & nerve·2026
Same author

Acute and Chronic Demyelinating Neuropathies After COVID-19 Vaccination: A Report of 4 Cases.

Journal of clinical neuromuscular disease·2023
Same author

Assessing the roles of variable differences in attributes of nerve conduction studies.

Muscle & nerve·2021
Same author

Corrigendum to "Electrodiagnostic assessment of the autonomic nervous system: A consensus statement endorsed by the American Autonomic Society, American Academy of Neurology, and the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology" [Clin. Neurophysiol. 132(2) (2021) 666-682].

Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology·2021
Same author

Electrodiagnostic assessment of the autonomic nervous system: A consensus statement endorsed by the American Autonomic Society, American Academy of Neurology, and the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology.

Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology·2021
Same author

Peripheral Nervous System Involvement.

Hematology/oncology clinics of North America·2020

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 19, 2026

Quantitative Autonomic Testing
11:40

Quantitative Autonomic Testing

Published on: July 19, 2011

59.0K

Pure Autonomic Failure.

Pariwat Thaisetthawatkul1

  • 1Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 988435 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-8435, USA. pthaiset@unmc.edu.

Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports
|June 25, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Pure autonomic failure (PAF) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder causing widespread autonomic dysfunction. While no cure exists, managing symptoms like orthostatic hypotension offers a better prognosis than other synucleinopathies.

Keywords:
Lewy bodyNeurogenic orthostatic hypotensionPure autonomic failureSynucleinopathyα-synuclein

More Related Videos

Tachycardia-Induced Cardiomyopathy As a Chronic Heart Failure Model in Swine
10:08

Tachycardia-Induced Cardiomyopathy As a Chronic Heart Failure Model in Swine

Published on: February 17, 2018

14.1K
Assessing Cerebral Autoregulation via Oscillatory Lower Body Negative Pressure and Projection Pursuit Regression
11:26

Assessing Cerebral Autoregulation via Oscillatory Lower Body Negative Pressure and Projection Pursuit Regression

Published on: December 10, 2014

12.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 19, 2026

Quantitative Autonomic Testing
11:40

Quantitative Autonomic Testing

Published on: July 19, 2011

59.0K
Tachycardia-Induced Cardiomyopathy As a Chronic Heart Failure Model in Swine
10:08

Tachycardia-Induced Cardiomyopathy As a Chronic Heart Failure Model in Swine

Published on: February 17, 2018

14.1K
Assessing Cerebral Autoregulation via Oscillatory Lower Body Negative Pressure and Projection Pursuit Regression
11:26

Assessing Cerebral Autoregulation via Oscillatory Lower Body Negative Pressure and Projection Pursuit Regression

Published on: December 10, 2014

12.9K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Autonomic Disorders
  • Neuropathology

Background:

  • Pure autonomic failure (PAF) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder.
  • It is characterized by progressive pan-autonomic dysfunction without other neurological deficits.
  • Clinical manifestations include neurogenic orthostatic hypotension and gastrointestinal/urinary issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the pathophysiology and clinical features of Pure Autonomic Failure.
  • To position PAF within the spectrum of Lewy body synucleinopathies.
  • To outline current management strategies and discuss prognosis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on Pure Autonomic Failure.
  • Pathological examination of neural structures in PAF patients.
  • Analysis of clinical symptoms and progression.
  • Comparison with other synucleinopathies like Parkinson disease.

Main Results:

  • Autonomic failure in PAF stems from degeneration of sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons.
  • Lewy bodies and alpha-synuclein deposits indicate PAF is a synucleinopathy.
  • PAF shares pathological links with Parkinson disease and Lewy body dementia.
  • Prognosis for survival in PAF is more favorable compared to other synucleinopathies.

Conclusions:

  • Pure Autonomic Failure is a distinct synucleinopathy with a unique clinical profile.
  • Management focuses on symptomatic relief, particularly orthostatic hypotension and supine hypertension.
  • Further research into underlying mechanisms may reveal future therapeutic targets.