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Updated: Mar 19, 2026

Use of a Battery of Chemical and Ecotoxicological Methods for the Assessment of the Efficacy of Wastewater Treatment Processes to Remove Estrogenic Potency
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Risk-Cost Estimation of On-Site Wastewater Treatment System Failures Using Extreme Value Analysis

Laura E Kohler, JoAnn Silverstein, Balaji Rajagopalan

    Water Environment Research : a Research Publication of the Water Environment Federation
    |June 25, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    Managing on-site wastewater treatment systems (OWTS) is challenging. Frequent inspections and upgrades reduce lifetime repair costs for low-risk OWTS, while high-risk systems face significant expenses.

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