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Related Concept Videos

Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration01:21

Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration

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Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
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Tissue Renewal without Stem Cells01:23

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After cellular or tissue damage, the resident stem cells present in the human body can locally repair and regenerate the damaged tissue or organ. However, even though some tissues do not have stem cells, they can repair and regenerate with the help of pre-existing cells. For example, beta cells of the pancreas and hepatocytes of the liver can divide to renew and regenerate the tissue. Here, both cell division and cell death are well regulated by homeostasis.
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Stem Cell Niche01:26

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The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the...
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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
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Stem Cell Transplantation Strategies for the Restoration of Cognitive Dysfunction Caused by Cranial Radiotherapy
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Restoring stem cells - all you need is NAD(.).

Lindsay E Wu1, David A Sinclair1,2

  • 1School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney 2052, Australia.

Cell Research
|June 25, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Stem cell aging contributes to biological aging. Activating the mitochondrial unfolded protein response with NAD-raising compounds rejuvenates stem cells and extends lifespan in mice.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Mitochondrial Biology

Background:

  • Stem cell dysfunction and senescence are key drivers of biological aging.
  • Understanding mechanisms to counteract stem cell aging is crucial for longevity research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) in stem cell aging.
  • To determine if activating UPRmt can rejuvenate stem cells and impact lifespan.

Main Methods:

  • Administration of an NAD-raising compound to mice.
  • Activation of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt).
  • Assessment of stem cell function and lifespan.

Main Results:

  • Activation of UPRmt through NAD-boosting compounds rejuvenated stem cells.
  • Mice treated with the NAD-raising compound exhibited extended lifespan.
  • The study highlights UPRmt as a target for age-related decline.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting the mitochondrial unfolded protein response offers a novel strategy for stem cell rejuvenation.
  • NAD-raising compounds show potential for extending lifespan by combating cellular aging mechanisms.