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Related Concept Videos

Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA01:25

Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA

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Antibiotic resistance in bacteria arises when microorganisms evolve the ability to withstand drugs designed to kill them or inhibit their growth, rendering once-effective treatments useless. This phenomenon, driven by genetic change and selection under antibiotic exposure, poses a profound threat to modern medicine. Mechanisms include drug-inactivating enzymes (e.g., β-lactamases), efflux pumps that eject antibiotics, mutations altering antibiotic targets, decreased drug uptake, and...
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The genome of most prokaryotic organisms consists of double-stranded DNA organized into one circular chromosome in a region of cytoplasm called the nucleoid. The chromosome is tightly wound, or supercoiled, for efficient storage. Prokaryotes also contain other circular pieces of DNA called plasmids. These plasmids are smaller than the chromosome and often carry genes that confer adaptive functions, such as antibiotic resistance.
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Microbial genome evolution is a highly dynamic process shaped by continual gene gain and loss across species and strains. This genomic flexibility allows microorganisms to adapt rapidly to environmental pressures and interactions with other organisms. Central to understanding this diversity is the distinction between the core and pan genomes.The core genome comprises the genes shared by all sampled strains of a species, representing essential functions needed for fundamental cellular processes.
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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within...
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Antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern that arises when bacteria evolve mechanisms to withstand the effects of antibiotic treatments. This resistance can be intrinsic, acquired through genetic mutations, or transferred between bacteria via horizontal gene transfer. The development of antibiotic resistance poses significant challenges in treating bacterial infections and necessitates ongoing research to develop new therapeutic strategies.Intrinsic resistance occurs when bacterial...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 19, 2026

Characterization of a Pathogenic Escherichia coli Strain Derived from Oreochromis spp. Farms Using Whole-Genome Sequencing
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Draft Genome Sequence for a Clinical Isolate of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecalis.

Keesha E Erickson1, Nancy E Madinger2, Anushree Chatterjee3

  • 1Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA.

Genome Announcements
|June 25, 2016
PubMed
Summary

We sequenced the genome of a multidrug-resistant Enterococcus faecalis strain. This bacterium, isolated from a hospital patient, carries genes conferring resistance to multiple antibiotics.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Genomics
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Enterococcus faecalis is an opportunistic pathogen.
  • Multidrug resistance in E. faecalis poses a significant clinical challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To perform draft genome sequencing of a multidrug-resistant E. faecalis strain.
  • To identify antibiotic resistance genes present in the isolate.

Main Methods:

  • Whole-genome sequencing was performed on the E. faecalis isolate.
  • Bioinformatic analysis was used for genome assembly and gene identification.

Main Results:

  • The draft genome sequence is 3,040,186 base pairs with 37.6% GC content.
  • Eleven resistance genes were identified, including those for glycopeptide, aminoglycoside, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin, and tetracycline resistance.

Conclusions:

  • The genome sequence provides valuable information on the genetic basis of multidrug resistance in this E. faecalis strain.
  • Understanding these resistance mechanisms is crucial for developing effective treatment strategies.