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Updated: Mar 19, 2026
Measurement of Liver Stiffness Using Atomic Force Microscopy Coupled with Polarization Microscopy
Published on: July 20, 2022
Reliability and applicability of two-dimensional shear-wave elastography for the evaluation of liver stiffness
Ioannis C Varbobitis1, Spyros I Siakavellas, Ioannis S Koutsounas
1aAcademic Department of Gastroenterology bFirst Department of Surgery, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital cPaediatric Clinic, 'P. & A. Kyriakou' Children's Hospital, Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Background/Aim:
Two-dimensional shear-wave elastography (2D-SWE) is a new elastographic technique that is increasingly being used across several indications. We assessed the reliability and applicability of 2D-SWE in patients with various chronic liver diseases and attempted to identify parameters potentially affecting liver stiffness.
Methods:
We included all patients with chronic liver disease who underwent 2D-SWE examination over a 15-month period. Patients with acute hepatitis, active cholestatic disease, or severe heart failure were excluded. The procedures were performed by three adequately trained operators. Standard operating procedures for liver ultrasonography and elastography were followed.
Results:
2D-SWE was reliable in 98% of 605 patients. SD to mean liver stiffness value ratio greater than 9.14%, which was considered an indicator of reliability, was associated independently with age more than 50 years, obesity, or overweight, and use of statins for hyperlipidemia. 2D-SWE was applicable, requiring a median time of 7 min per examination and exceeding 15 min in only 5.5% of patients. Worse applicability expressed as duration more than 0.7 min per reliable measurement was associated independently with age more than 50 years and obesity. The mean and median liver stiffness values were 11.6 and 7.7 kPa, respectively. Liver stiffness more than 7.7 kPa was associated independently with age more than 50 years and increased waist circumference.
Conclusion:
2D-SWE represents an applicable method of assessment of liver fibrosis that can provide reliable results in the vast majority of patients with chronic liver diseases. Older age and obesity may affect the reliability and applicability of the method as well as the severity of liver fibrosis.
