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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Condensed matter physics
  • Atomtronics

Background:

  • Josephson junction arrays are key components in quantum technologies.
  • Driven-dissipative systems offer unique quantum phenomena.
  • Bose-Einstein condensates in optical lattices provide a controllable quantum platform.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally investigate the steady states and dynamics of a driven-dissipative Josephson junction array.
  • To characterize the transition between superfluid and resistive states.
  • To identify signatures of nonequilibrium phase transitions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a weakly interacting Bose-Einstein condensate in a 1D optical lattice.
  • Implementing engineered losses on a single site for dissipation.
  • Applying tunneling between neighboring sites as the driving force.
  • Characterizing steady states and relaxation dynamics via measurements.

Main Results:

  • Observed a transition from a superfluid state (coherent Josephson current) to a resistive state (incoherent hopping) with increasing dissipation strength (γ).
  • Identified a bistable regime at intermediate dissipation, where superfluid and incoherent branches coexist.
  • Detected critical slowing down in relaxation dynamics, signaling a nonequilibrium phase transition.

Conclusions:

  • The driven-dissipative Josephson junction array exhibits distinct quantum phases controlled by dissipation strength.
  • Bistability and critical slowing down are key indicators of the system's nonequilibrium nature.
  • This atomtronic device serves as a valuable platform for studying quantum phase transitions and emergent phenomena.