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Long-Term Developmental Changes in Children's Lower-Order Big Five Personality Facets.

Amaranta de Haan1,2, Sarah De Pauw3, Alithe van den Akker4

  • 1Erasmus University Rotterdam.

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This study tracked personality development in children from early childhood through adolescence, revealing significant changes in Big Five dimensions and increasing gender differences over time.

Keywords:
Big Fivechildhood/adolescencegenderlower-order facetspersonality development

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Child Psychology
  • Personality Science

Background:

  • Understanding personality development is crucial for child psychology.
  • The Big Five personality dimensions provide a framework for assessing traits.
  • Longitudinal studies are essential for tracking developmental changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine long-term developmental changes in children's personality facets.
  • To investigate how lower-order facets of the Big Five dimensions evolve from early childhood to adolescence.
  • To identify gender differences in personality development across different age groups.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized two independent community samples (N=365, 2-4.5 years; N=579, 6-17 years).
  • Employed cohort-sequential latent growth modeling on 18 facets of the Hierarchical Personality Inventory for Children.
  • Analyzed mother-rated personality data to track developmental trajectories.

Main Results:

  • In early childhood, personality facets showed mixed stability and change, with some decreasing Extraversion and Emotional Stability, and increasing Benevolence and Imagination.
  • Conscientiousness facets exhibited opposite changes in early childhood.
  • Gender differences in personality facets emerged from middle childhood onward, except for Imagination.

Conclusions:

  • Provides comprehensive, fine-grained insights into personality development across the first two decades of life.
  • Highlights distinct developmental pathways for different personality facets.
  • Underscores the emergence of gender differences in personality during childhood and adolescence.