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Types of Selection01:46

Types of Selection

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Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
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Mate Choice01:20

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Mate choice—the decision about whom to mate with—is a type of natural selection, since animals must reproduce to pass down their genes. Mate choice is also called intersexual selection because the behavior occurs between the sexes.
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Shifting Zebrafish Lethal Skeletal Mutant Penetrance by Progeny Testing
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Mating structures for genomic selection breeding programs in aquaculture.

Anna K Sonesson1, Jørgen Ødegård2,3

  • 1Nofima AS, P.O. Box 5010, 1432, Ås, Norway. Anna.Sonesson@nofima.no.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Increasing sire:dam mating ratios in aquaculture breeding significantly boosts genetic gain with traditional BLUP-estimated breeding values (TRAD-EBV) but has minimal impact on genome-wide EBVs (GW-EBV). Both methods see reduced inbreeding rates with higher mating ratios.

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Breeding and Genetics
  • Quantitative Genetics
  • Aquaculture

Background:

  • Traditional family-based aquaculture breeding often uses a 1:2 sire:dam ratio to isolate genetic effects.
  • Factorial mating strategies, with more mates per parent, create more, smaller families, potentially impacting selection intensity and genetic gain.
  • The advantage of factorial mating is less clear for genome-wide estimated breeding values (GW-EBV) which utilize both within- and between-family information, unlike traditional BLUP-estimated breeding values (TRAD-EBV).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the impact of various factorial mating strategies on genetic gain, selection accuracy, and inbreeding rates.
  • To evaluate these strategies under both traditional BLUP-estimated breeding values (TRAD-EBV) and genome-wide estimated breeding values (GW-EBV) selection.
  • To assess the effects on traits measured on selection candidates and their sibs.

Main Methods:

  • Computer simulations were used to model different sire:dam mating ratios (1:1, 2:2, 10:10, 1:2).
  • Simulations considered a constant number of parents (100 sires, 100 dams) producing varying numbers of families.
  • Truncation selection was applied to both TRAD-EBV and GW-EBV for traits measured on candidates and sibs.

Main Results:

  • With GW-EBV, increasing the sire:dam ratio from 1:1 to 10:10 had a minor effect (<5%) on genetic gain for both candidate and sib traits.
  • TRAD-EBV showed substantial increases in genetic gain (41-77%) with higher mating ratios, primarily due to increased selection intensity for sib traits.
  • Rates of inbreeding decreased by up to 30% for both GW-EBV and TRAD-EBV when the mating ratio increased from 1:1 to 10:10.

Conclusions:

  • Factorial mating significantly enhances genetic gain with TRAD-EBV, particularly for sib-measured traits, by increasing selection intensity.
  • The benefits of factorial mating on genetic gain are less pronounced with GW-EBV, which uses within- and between-family information.
  • Increased sire:dam ratios effectively reduce inbreeding rates in aquaculture breeding programs regardless of the EBV estimation method.