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Applications of GIS: Disaster Management and Emergency Response01:29

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 19, 2026

Modifying the Bank Erosion Hazard Index BEHI Protocol for Rapid Assessment of Streambank Erosion in Northeastern Ohio
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Conveying Flood Hazard Risk Through Spatial Modeling: A Case Study for Hurricane Sandy-Affected Communities in

Francisco Artigas1, Stephanie Bosits1, Saleh Kojak1

  • 1New Jersey Sports and Exposition Authority, Meadowlands Environmental Research Institute, One DeKorte Park Plaza, Lyndhurst, NJ, 07071, USA.

Environmental Management
|June 26, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Accurate sea surge flood hazard maps can be created using basic data and spatial analysis. These maps effectively communicate inundation risk at the property level, aiding community preparedness.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
  • Disaster Risk Reduction

Background:

  • Sophisticated technology provided accurate Hurricane Sandy forecasts, but community-level data was insufficient for property-specific flood hazard assessment.
  • Existing flood hazard information often lacks the scale and certainty needed for property owners to understand their exposure.
  • Effective communication of flood risk is crucial for community-level disaster preparedness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore basic analysis and data requirements for generating accurate flood hazard maps for sea surge inundation.
  • To assess the effectiveness of spatial modeling using readily available data for predicting flood extent and depth.
  • To evaluate the utility of flood hazard maps for conveying property-level inundation risk.

Main Methods:

  • Boolean overlay analysis integrating elevation, slope (from LiDAR), and proximity to streams/catch basins (from aerial photography/field reconnaissance).
  • Development of a spatial model to explain flood extent and depth during Hurricane Sandy.
  • Inclusion of a ponding layer to improve model accuracy by accounting for depressions.

Main Results:

  • An initial spatial model explained 55% of the flood extent and depth.
  • Adding a ponding layer improved the model, explaining almost 70% of the flood extent and depth.
  • The study demonstrates that fairly accurate flood hazard maps can be created with accessible information.

Conclusions:

  • Readily available data and basic spatial analysis can produce accurate flood hazard maps for sea surge.
  • Flood hazard maps are valuable tools for inferring property-level inundation risk.
  • Despite recommendations for local disaster preparedness, federal frameworks offer limited incentives for communities to act.