The role of antioxidants in sperm freezing: a review

Area of Science:

• Reproductive biology
• Cryobiology
• Biochemistry

Background:

• Sperm cryopreservation is vital in clinical practice but causes detrimental changes to sperm function.
• Cryopreservation-induced damage includes DNA fragmentation and single-strand breaks.
• Mechanisms of cryodamage are multifactorial, involving cold shock, osmotic stress, ice formation, and oxidative stress.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the application of antioxidants in improving sperm cryopreservation.
• To clarify the mechanisms by which antioxidants enhance sperm resistance to cryodamage.
• To consolidate recent research on antioxidant use for better post-thaw semen quality.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on antioxidants and sperm cryopreservation.
• Analysis of research investigating the effects of various antioxidants on sperm function post-thaw.
• Examination of mechanisms underlying cryoprotection by antioxidants.

Main Results:

• Antioxidants with antioxidative properties can mitigate damage from reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cold shock.
• Numerous studies demonstrate the positive effects of antioxidants on improving post-thaw semen quality.
• Specific antioxidants show potential in enhancing sperm survival and function after cryopreservation.

Conclusions:

• Antioxidants play a crucial role in protecting spermatozoa against cryodamage.
• Understanding antioxidant mechanisms is key to improving sperm cryopreservation protocols.
• Further research into specific antioxidants can optimize fertility outcomes in assisted reproduction.