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The regulation of the cardiovascular system allows the body to adapt to various demands and maintain homeostasis.
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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Epigenetic Regulation of Cardiac Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells and Tissues
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Epigenetics in Cardiovascular Regulation.

Claudio Sartori1, Stefano F Rimoldi2, Emrush Rexhaj2

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland. claudio.sartori@chuv.ch.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|June 26, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Early life health events, like hypoxia or preeclampsia, can program adult cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Epigenetic changes may underlie this developmental origin of adult disease.

Keywords:
Endothelial functionEpigeneticHypoxiaPreeclampsiaPulmonary hypertension

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Cardiovascular science
  • Metabolic science

Background:

  • Epidemiological studies link early-life pathologies to adult cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, supporting the fetal programming hypothesis.
  • Perinatal hypoxia in rats and humans leads to exaggerated pulmonary hypertension later in life.
  • Preeclampsia in Bolivian high-altitude dwellers is associated with offspring endothelial dysfunction, potentially due to impaired nitric oxide bioavailability and increased oxidative stress.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the mechanisms behind the developmental origins of vascular dysfunction.
  • To investigate the role of epigenetic alterations in fetal programming of adult disease.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological studies and laboratory findings.
  • Analysis of data from Bolivian high-altitude dwellers.
  • Investigation of assisted reproductive technologies as a potential factor.

Main Results:

  • Early-life conditions such as hypoxia and preeclampsia are associated with long-term cardiovascular and metabolic consequences.
  • Endothelial dysfunction in offspring may be linked to impaired nitric oxide bioavailability and oxidative stress.
  • Assisted reproductive technologies are emerging as another factor consistent with the fetal programming hypothesis.

Conclusions:

  • Early-life events can program adult disease susceptibility, particularly cardiovascular and metabolic conditions.
  • Epigenetic alterations, including DNA methylation and histone acetylation, are implicated in the developmental origins of vascular dysfunction.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the precise mechanisms of fetal programming and its long-term health implications.