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Related Concept Videos

The Proteasome01:13

The Proteasome

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Eukaryotic cells can degrade proteins through several pathways. One of the most important among these is the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. It helps the cell eliminate the misfolded, damaged, or unwarranted cytoplasmic proteins in a highly specific manner.
In this pathway, the target proteins are first tagged with small proteins called ubiquitin. This involves participation of a series of enzymes including— E1 (ubiquitin-activating enzyme), E2 (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme), and E3...
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The Proteasome02:18

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Eukaryotic cells can degrade proteins through several pathways. One of the most important amongst these is the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. It helps the cell eliminate the misfolded, damaged, or unwarranted cytoplasmic proteins in a highly specific manner.
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Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity01:21

Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity

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The human immune system is a complex defense mechanism that protects the body from harmful pathogens and foreign substances. It comprises two crucial components: innate and adaptive immunity.
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The Proteasome Structure01:17

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The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is a well-known mechanism utilized by eukaryotic cells to remove cytoplasmic proteins that are misfolded, damaged, or no longer needed. In this pathway, the protein that needs to be eliminated undergoes a process called ubiquitination, where a chain of ubiquitin molecules is attached to the 48th lysine residue of the target protein. This ubiquitin modification helps the proteasome distinguish between a target protein and a healthy protein.
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Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes01:25

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Immune surveillance is an integral part of the innate immune system, involving the continuous monitoring of peripheral tissues to detect and respond to pathogens, infected cells, or cancerous cells. This surveillance is conducted primarily by natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytes, which employ distinct but complementary mechanisms to identify and eliminate threats.
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Identification of Post-translational Modifications of Plant Protein Complexes
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Proteasome function shapes innate and adaptive immune responses.

Ilona E Kammerl1, Silke Meiners2

  • 1Comprehensive Pneumology Center, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany.

American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology
|June 26, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The immunoproteasome, crucial for immune responses, is impaired by environmental factors and genetic variations. This dysfunction may increase lung disease risk and impact treatment strategies.

Keywords:
adaptive immunityimmunoproteasomeimmunoproteasome inhibitorinnate immune responselung disease

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Immunology
  • Molecular Medicine

Background:

  • The proteasome system degrades over 80% of intracellular proteins, impacting essential cellular functions.
  • Immunoproteasomes, a specialized form of proteasome, are vital for immune responses and antigen presentation.
  • They are constitutively expressed in immune cells and induced during infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of immunoproteasomes in innate and adaptive immunity.
  • To investigate the impact of immunoproteasome dysfunction on lung diseases.
  • To highlight potential therapeutic strategies targeting immunoproteasomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on proteasome and immunoproteasome function.
  • Analysis of the link between immunoproteasome impairment and disease pathogenesis.
  • Discussion of novel pharmacological tools for immunoproteasome modulation.

Main Results:

  • Immunoproteasomes regulate immune cell function and innate immune responses.
  • Impairment of immunoproteasome function is linked to environmental factors and genetic variations.
  • Dysfunction can lead to dampened infection resolution, autoimmunity, and immune evasion.

Conclusions:

  • Immunoproteasome dysfunction is an underestimated risk factor for lung diseases.
  • Targeting immunoproteasomes offers potential therapeutic avenues for respiratory diseases.
  • Activity-based probes may serve as biomarkers for profiling disease states.